Classify whether the following

statements have scientific bases.

1. Whenever rain is approaching, wave your hard broom toward
the rain cloud so that the air would blow it away.
2. Whenever your teeth aches, gargle water with salt to feel relief.
3. Whenever a black cat run across your way, bad luck will come
along your way.
4. Whenever it’s full moon, lesser fishes are caught in the sea.
5. Don’t sing while cooking, or else your future spouse might die
early.
6. When cooking meat, put together papaya so that it would
become more tender.
SCIENCE
• Science: the human attempt to understand the
natural world, with or without concern for practical
uses of that knowledge.
• Science tries to discover facts and relationships
and then tries to create theories that make sense
of these facts and relationships.
• Science is a system of knowledge of the natural
world gained through the scientific method.
• Originally called “the philosophy of the natural
world”
• The first scientists were called “the philosophers of
the nature”
• Tasks of the philosophers of nature:
• Discover the truth behind material things and
natural things.
• Observe the world and beyond
• Observe what makes materials the same and
what makes them different (How is a tree not a
flower and a flower not a rock?)
 In general:
• Science comes from the Latin word “scientia’”
meaning knowledge.
• It refers to any systematic practice that is capable of
resulting in a predictable type of outcome.
• Science continues to discover and increase human
knowledge and understanding through the
application of scientific research to specific human
needs.
Technology is…
• Comes from the Greek words tekne meaning “art
or craft” and logia meaning a “subject or interest”
• “Practical application of what we know about
nature” using scientific principles for the
betterment of human situation
• the human attempt to change the world . . . By
creating products that can help people.
Technology
a. Artifacts or Hardware. Products fabricated by
humans to meet specific needs. Tools, machines,
implements.
b. Knowledge and Methods. A system of tacit and
explicit knowledge, techniques, and materials
utilized in using, making, or repairing a certain
kind of artifact.
c. A human cultural activity or profession. e.g.
military or civil engineers, crafters, machinists.
d. A total societal enterprise. e.g. “American
technological know-how.” R&D, invention,
patronage, mass production and mass
consumption.
SOCIETY
• A society is a body of humans seen as a community
within the bounds of the same culture, socially united
and dependent on each other. Like other groups, a
society supports its members to attain their needs or
wishes that they alone cannot fulfill.
• More broadly, a society is made up of varied individuals.
It may also refer to an organized voluntary association of
people for religious, cultural, scientific or political
purposes
The Concept of Society

A society is a group but different from other groups like the

family, peer group or business organizations. The difference
lies in the following:
• 1. A society is larger than any other group.
• 2. A society has members with common culture, common
patterns of behavior, common values and common
language.
• 3. Old members who pass away are replaced by those
who are born according to the culture and that the society
lasts longer than the lifetime of the individual members.
Interdisciplinary education for life.
Relevant to every field of study.
A great major or double major or “the minor for all majors”.
A way to improve your writing and communications skills,
problem-solving abilities, and ability to adapt to changes in
science and technology.
Attractive to potential employers.
Needed at all levels, in education, government, the private
sector, and internationally.
[Link]
 Historical Antecedents
in the Course of Science
and Technology
Sumerian Civilization
Cuneiform
• first writing system; also wedge-
shaped writing where Sumerians
use pointed instruments to carve
symbols in clay.
• Mainly used for record-keeping
Sumerian Civilization
City of Uruk
• first true city in the world
• Also known for how it is erected.
The Sumerians used mud and clay
from rivers mixed with reeds to
form “sun-baked bricks”
Sumerian Civilization
The Great Ziggurat of Ur
• Also called as mountain of god
• Built the same ways as the city of
Ur. It was a sacred place for their
chief god.
Sumerian Civilization
Irrigation and Dikes
• Sumerians built irrigation and dikes
to bring water to farm lands to
solve shortage of food.
Sumerian Civilization
Plow
• Farm technology that was used to
dig earth faster.
Sumerian Civilization
Sailboat
• The first mode of transportation by
the Sumerians
• Boats were used to carry large
products and cover large distances
Sumerian Civilization
Wheel
• first made for farm work and food
processing
• The wheel and axle was used by
Sumerians to mill grain faster
Babylonian Civilization
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
• One of the 7 Wonders of the
Ancient World
• The structure made up of layer
upon layers of gardens that
contains several species of plants,
trees, and vines.
 Egyptian Civilization
Papyrus
• The first paper
• Papyrus was a plant that grew
along the Nile river in Egypt. They
were able to process the plants in
order to produce thin sheets where
things could be written.
 Egyptian Civilization
Ink
• Was developed for writing things
on papyrus.
• Invented by combining soot with
different chemicals to produce inks
of different colors
Egyptian Civilization
Hieroglyphics
• A system of writing using symbols
• Hieroglyphics was the language
that tells the modern world of the
history and culture of the Egyptians
 Egyptian Civilization
Cosmetics
• Aside from highlighting facial
features, Egyptians wore Kohl
around their eyes to prevent and
even cure eye diseases.
• Kohl was created by mixing soot or
malachite with mineral galena
Egyptian Civilization
Water Clock/Clepsydra
• The device utilizes gravity that
affects the flow of water from one
vessel to another. The amount of
water remaining determines how
much time elapsed since it is full.
Greek Civilization
Alarm Clock
• The ancient Greek’s alarm clock
used large complicated
mechanisms to time the alarm.
They made use of water, stone or
sand which dropped to drums to
sound the alarm.
Greek Civilization
Water Mill
• Used for mass production of food
since it was used for milling of
grains that was essential for food
processing
• It requires only to be situated along
rivers where a mechanism of a
large wheel with small buckets of
water attached to it could be
installed
Roman Civilization
Newspaper
• The first newspaper was known as
“gazettes” which contain
announcements of the Roman
empire to the people.
• The gazettes were engraved on
metal or stones and displays in
public.
Roman Civilization
Bound Books or Codex
• Romans used it for record-
keeping, documenting
historical events and newly
legislated laws and other
forms of literature.
• Covers were made of animal
skins that protects the sheets
of papyrus pages bound
together.
Roman Civilization
Roman Architecture
• Roman architecture was still
regarded as pioneering since
Romans were able to adapt new
building and engineering technology
in architecture designs established
the past.
• They were able to preserve great
and elaborate structures because
they could produce stronger and
sturdier infrastructure
Chinese Civilization
Silk
• Naturally produced by silk worms
but Chinese developed the
technology to harvest the silk and
process to produce clothing or
paper.
Chinese Civilization
Great Wall of China
• Known as the largest and most
extensive structure that the nation
built.
• It was constructed to keep out
foreign invaders and control the
borders of china.
Chinese Civilization
Gunpowder
• The gunpowder is one of the most
interesting inventions in China.
They mixed charcoal, sulfur and
potassium nitrate where they
created black powder that could
generate large amount of heat and
gas in an instant.
Middle Ages
Printing Press
• Invented by Johann Gutenberg
• He utilized wooden machines that
extracted juices from fruits,
attached to them a metal
impression of letters, and pressed
firmly the cast metal into a piece of
paper
Middle Ages
Telescope
• The invention of telescope, enabled
people to see object in remote
place. This helped in the navigation
and exploration in the middle ages.
Middle Ages
Microscope
• Invented by Zacharias Jansen
• Used to see organisms invisible to
the naked eye.
• Helped in the prevention and cure
of illnesses
Modern Times (Philippine Setting)
Salamander Amphibious Tricycle
• Invented by Victor Llave
• The amphibious tricycle was not
only used to cross flooded streets
but also rivers and lakes.
Modern Times (Philippine Setting)
SALt Lamp
• Invented by Aisa Mejano
• The Sustainable Alternative Lighting
(SALt) lamp utilizes saltwater to
power itself.
• It environment-friendly light
source.
•What is the importance of
Science and Technology to
Society?