Chapter 11
Part A Cranium
Skull Anatomy
Cranium (8 bones)
Facial bones (14
• Skull
• Bony Skeleton of
bones)
the Head
• Divided into two
main sets.
• Cranium
• Facial Bones
• Rests on the
superior end of
the vertebral
column
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Frontal and
Lateral
Views of
8 Cranial
Bones • Calvarium (Skull Cap) • Floor
• Frontal • Right Temporal
• Right Pareietal • Left Temporal
• Left Parietal • Sphenoid
• Occipital • Ethmoid
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Frontal Bone
• Contributes to the
formation of the
forehead and the
superior part of
each orbit.
• Consists of two
main parts Vertical portion
• Squamos •Glabella –smooth raised prominence between the
(Veritical eyebrows
Portion) •Supraorbital groove (SOG)- slight depression above each
• Orbital eyebrow.
(Horizontal •Supraorbital rim (SOM) – superior rim of each orbit.
Portion) •Frontal tuberosity- rounded prominence
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Orbital
(Horizontal)
Portion of
Frontal Bone
(Inferior
View) Horizontal Portion- Consists of:
•SOM on both sides
•Supercilliary arch(ridge)
•Glabella –Common landmark CR placement for skull
imaging.
•Frontal tuberosities
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Parietal: articulates with 5 bones
Occipital: articulates with 6 bones
Parietal
Bones
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• The inferoposterior (lower
back) portion of the calvarium.
The squamous or rounded
portion forms most of the back
of the head.
Inion – prominence or
Occipital bump
Bone Foramen magnum – the
Inferior large opening where the
spinal cord passes.
View Occipital Condyles-
oval processes that
articulate with the first
cervical vertebrae.
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Floor of
Cranium
Superior cutaway view
• Right Temporal
• Left Temporal
• Sphenoid
• Ethmoid
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Temporal
Bone
Lateral
View
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3 parts
Squamos portion
• Forms part of the wall
of the skull
• Quite thin and
vulnerable to fracture.
Mastoid Portion
Temporal • Palpable mastoid
Bone Front process.
• Contains many air
Cutaway cells.
Petrous portion
View • AKA petrous pyramid
• Houses organ of
hearing and
equilibrium.
• Petrous ridge- upper
ridge of petrous
pyramid
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Temporal
Bones
Superior
View
Petrous portion is the thickest and densest
bone of the skull.
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Sphenoid
Bone Centrally
located and
forms the
anchor for the
other seven
cranial bone.
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Sphenoid
Bone
Oblique
View
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Sphenoid
Bone
Superior
View
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Sella
Turcica
Lateral
View
• Central depression that houses the pituitary gland.
• Best visualized on a lateral imaging of the skull.
• Help determine rotation.
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Sphenoid
Frontal and
Sagittal
Views
Body of the
sphenoid house the
sphenoid sinus.
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Ethmoid
Bone
• The Ethmoid bone lies primarily below the floor of the
cranium,
• The perpendicular plate forms the bony nasal septum.
• The lateral masses to projecting inferiorly on each side
contain ethmoid air cells and help form medial wall of
the orbits and lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
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Skull Morphology and
Topography
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Skull
Classificatio
ns
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Mesocephalic skull
Skull of average shape
Width 75%-80% of length
Skull
Morphology
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Cranial
sutures
Coronal
Lambdoidal
Squamosal
Cranial Sagittal
Sutures and
Junction
Junction points
Points Asterion
Bregma
Lambda
Pterion
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Membrane
covered
Six fontanels
Infant Anterior and
Cranial posterior
Sutures and R and L
Fontanels sphenoid
R and L
mastoid
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Body
Planes and
Landmarks
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Surface
Landmarks
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Landmarks
of Orbit
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Positioning
Lines
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Frontal Bone
Articulates with 4 cranial bones
Right Parietal
Left Parietal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Parietal Bones
Articulation Each articulates with 5 cranial bones
Frontal
s Occipital
Calvarium
Temporal
Sphenoid
Opposite Parietal
Occipital Bone
Articulates with 6 bones
Right Parietal
Left Parietal
Right Temporal
Left Temporal
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Temporal Bones
Each articulates with 3 cranial bones.
Parietal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Each articulates with 2 facial bones.
Articulation Sphenoid
s Articulates with all 7 cranial bones
Articulates with 5 facial bones
Floor Ethmoid
Articulates with 2 cranial bones
Frontal
Sphenoid
Articulates with 11 facial bones.
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