Outline of a Research
Paper
Chapter 1: The Problem and
Its Background
[Link], Background of
the Study
[Link] of the Problem
[Link] and Delimitation
[Link] of the Study
Chapter 2: Theoretical
Framework
[Link] of Related Literature
[Link] of Related Studies
[Link]/Theoretical Framework
[Link] of the Study
[Link] of the Study
f. Definition of Terms
Chapter 3: Research
Methodology
[Link] Design
[Link] of the Study
[Link] of the Study
[Link] and Reliability
[Link] Treatment
Chapter 4: Presentation,
Analysis, and Interpretation
of Data
[Link] of Data
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Chapter 5: Summary,
Conclusions, and
Recommendations
[Link] of Findings
[Link]
[Link]
General Format
1. Margins
a. Left – 1.5 inches
b. Top, bottom, right – 1 inch
2. Font
a. Font Type – Times New Roman
b. Font Size – 12
3. Spacing – double spacing, except for figures and tables which
should be single-spaced.
4. Paragraph Indention – five letter spaces
5. Pagination – one inch from the right edge of the paper on the
first line of every page
INTRODUCTION
It is important in establishing
cognitive setting of the research.
Elements of Introduction:
1. Rationalization of the need to research on
the problem
2. Clarification of the important terminologies
for the reader to easily understand what
the research is about
3. Establishment of the degree of seriousness
of the problem which prompted the
researcher to look for solutions
Guide questions in formulating the
introduction:
What is the rationale of the
problem?
As a grade 12 student, Arjohn
David, experienced some difficulties
in performing well because of various
factors such as the attitude of his
teachers as well as the teaching
methods, the absence of laboratory
facilities, and inadequacy of books in
the library. He is having difficulties in
his quizzes and class performance.
What is the setting of the
problem?
Puting Capunitan Elementary
School is one of the barrio schools in
Orion, Bataan where most enrollees
are from disadvantaged families
whose immediate ancestors are
either laborers or fisher folks. This
school is one of the schools with
poorly performing students in their
division according to Department of
Education.
What is the basic literature
foundation of the study?
As teaching is considered to be a complex
activity (Medley, as cited in Iqbal, 1996), the
scholars and researchers in the field of education
have since long been exploring into and analyzing
the teaching phenomenon. Teaching is an
arrangement and manipulation of a situation in
which a learner tries to overcome the learning
problems. Teaching is also a multidimensional set of
activities intended to facilitate learning (Torrington
et. al., 2003). However, it is universally recognized
that teachers’ instructional performance plays a
key role in students’ learning and academic
achievement (Panda and Mohanty, 2003)
How serious is the chosen research
problem?
Based on the DepEd
Division Memo series of
2012, among the 12 schools
with the most poorly
performing students, Putting
Capunitan Elementary
School ranked 12 .
th
What is the general objective of the
problem?
With the abovementioned
scenario and situations, it is the
main objective of the researcher to
determine the common reasons of
the poor performance of the
students. Therefore, the research
findings on that objective become
the basis of an intervention
program for school effectiveness.
What is the overall purpose of the
problem?
This is mainly for the
purpose of letting the students
acquire the needed
competencies before
graduation and enabling the
school to perform better in the
Regional Achievement
Examinations.