Paediatrics Instruments
Oxygen delivering systems
• AMBU Bag
Ambulatory Manual Breathing Unit
Self inflating bag
2 inlets: smaller for oxygen entry and
larger for reservoir bag
Fraction of O2 inhaled (FiO2) is 21%
Pop up valve: to release extra pressure
Fish mouth valve: allows only one way
entry
Outlet: goes to the patient
Use appropriate mask size: nose and
chin should be covered
Oxygen delivering systems
• Non Rebreathing face mask
Face mask with reservoir bag
FiO2 is 90-95%.
• Regular face mask
FiO2 is max 60%.
• Nasal cannula
• Head box
Oxygen delivering systems
• Ventury Mask
Red 45%
Blue
Green 60%
Yellow 35%
Laryngoscope
• Blades: straight (Miller’s)
Curved (MacIntosh)
• Handle: contains batteries
• Held in the left hand
• Used to visualise vocal cords
Endotracheal tube
• Used for endotracheal/nasotracheal intubation
• Sniffing dog position
• Black mark: to identify the level of endotracheal tube
• Radiopaque line: to visualise in X-ray
• Cuffed tube: to prevent any air leak and secure position of the
tube
• Murphy’s eye: to prevent complete blockage of the distal end of
the tube due to secretions.
• Prerequisites: sedation/paralytics like midazolam, lorazepam,
atraconium, thiopentone, ketamine. Position of the patient,
shoulder blade for support.
Ryle’s tube
• Also called infant feeding tube
• Has a radiopaque line
• Top has a closing cap
• Uses:
Therapeutic: feeding, aspiration of
secretions, meconium aspiration,
gastric lavage.
Diagnostic: choanal atresia (in
infants), TE fistula (tube appears
coiled up in a loop on Xray), gastric
aspirate for TB sampling (early
morning empty stomach), relief of
intestinal obstruction
(decompression), to calculate amount
of billious aspirate.
Suction catheters
• Used for suctioning out
secretions of oral and nasal
cavity
• No cap above for closing
Tuberculin syringe
• Smaller, thinner syringe
• Needle directly attached to
syringe: minimises loss of drug
during delivery
• 1mL = 40units
• Site: anterolateral aspect of
thigh, abdomen
• Route: subcutaneous
Normal infusion set
• To start iv line
• No filter inside the collecting
chamber
Blood infusion set
• Packet red in Color
• Has a filter inside the collecting
chamber
• Bigger collecting chamber
Liver biopsy needle
• Used to take liver tissue for biopsy
• Name: Vim Silverman needle
• Bone marrow biopsy needles
• Site: m/c is PSIS, upper end of tibia, sternum.
• Jamshedi, Sahla and Klima needles
• Interosseous line: done by bone marrow
aspiration needle; site is upper end of tibia
URO Bag/ Urine bag and Foley’s
catheter
• Used to collect and measure urine
Butterfly needle
• Used for short term venous
sampling
• Collecting blood samples
• Used from scalp veins
PEFR Meter
• Calculates FEV1 and FVC
• Uses:
Obstructive: FEV1 is reduced, FVC is
normal. Therefore, the ratio is
reduced.
Restrictive: Both FEV1 and FVC are
reduced. Therefore, ratio is either
normal or elevated.
Spacer and Inhaler
• Has a valve
• m/c drug given through this mode:
Budesonide
Oropharyngeal Airway
• Used in unconscious children to
keep airway open and patent.
• Manoeuvres: chin left, jaw thrust,
head lift
• Size: angle of mouth to angle of
mandible