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Understanding Complement Pathways

The document outlines the complement system, a crucial part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to eliminate pathogens. It details the different complement pathways (classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin), their triggers, and the roles of various complement proteins and receptors. Additionally, it discusses the consequences of insufficient complement proteins and the functions of complement in promoting inflammation and pathogen clearance.

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2 views22 pages

Understanding Complement Pathways

The document outlines the complement system, a crucial part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to eliminate pathogens. It details the different complement pathways (classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin), their triggers, and the roles of various complement proteins and receptors. Additionally, it discusses the consequences of insufficient complement proteins and the functions of complement in promoting inflammation and pathogen clearance.

Uploaded by

iipumbualvina
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module

COMPLEMENT
OBJECTIVES

• Differentiate between the causes of activation of the

classical, alternative complement pathways and mannose-

binding lectin pathways

• Discuss the functions of complement.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the consequence of

insufficient or absence of particular types of complement

proteins
COMPLEMENT
A part of the immune system that enhances
(complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic
cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an
organism, promote inflammation, and attack the
pathogen's cell membrane.

PLASMA PROTEINS:
• Removes extracellular pathogens
• Removes cellular complexes
• Act in a cascade
ZYMOGENS

A zymogen is an inactive precursor of an enzyme, especially


those that catalyze reactions involving the breakdown of
proteins.

proenzyme
TYPES OF COMPLEMENT PATHWAYS
TYPES OF COMPLEMENT
PATHWAYS

Early Events Late Events


CLASSICAL
COMPLEMENT PATHWAY

Trigger:

Antigen-Antibody
Complex

(also known as
immune complex)
(C1q- The complement
component 1q)
CLASSICAL
COMPLEMENT PATHWAY
CLASSICAL
COMPLEMENT PATHWAY
CLASSICAL
COMPLEMENT
PATHWAY
ALTERNATIVE
COMPLEMENT
PATHWAY
INHIBITION OF ALTERNATIVE
COMPLEMENT PATHWAY ON SELF-CELLS
LATE STAGE: MEMBRANE
ATTACK COMPLEX
LATE STAGE: MEMBRANE
ATTACK COMPLEX
LATE STAGE: MEMBRANE
ATTACK COMPLEX
COMPLEMENT
RECEPTORS
COMPLEMENT RECPTORS

COMPLEME SPECIFICITY FUNCTIONS PRESENT


NT ON CELL
RECEPTOR TYPE
CR1 C3 Stimulates Erythrocyt
b phagocytosis es
C4 Removal of immune Phagocyte
b complexes in s
erythrocytes B lymphocytes
Follicular
dendritic cells
CR2 C3 Forms part of the B B lymphocytes
(aka CD 21) cell co-receptor Follicular dendritic
cells
CR3 C3bi Stimulates Macrophag
(aka CD 11b/CD 18) phagocytosis e/
monocyt
es
PMN
Follicular
dendritic
cells
CR4 C3bi Stimulates Macrophages/
(aka CD 11c/CD 18) phagocytosis monocytes PMN
FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEMENT
FUNCTIONS OF
COMPLEMENT
FUNCTIONS OF
COMPLEMENT
FUNCTION OF
ANAPHYLATOXINS
FUNCTIONS OF
COMPLEMENT

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