DRAFTING II
PENETRATI
ON
PENETRATI
ON
PERSPECTIVE:
THE ART OF
REPRESENTING THREE
DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS
ON A TWO-DIMENSIONAL
SURFACE SO AS TO GIVE
THE RIGHT IMPRESSION
OF THEIR HEIGHT,
WIDTH, DEPTH AND
POSITION IN RELATION
TO EACH OTHER.
PERSPECTIVE:
IT IS EASIEST TO THINK OF
THE PICTURE PLANE AS
BEING A SHEET OF GLASS,
AND THE OBSERVER
HAVING A MARKING PEN
THAT CAN TRACE ONTO
THE GLASS EXACTLY WHAT
THEIR EYE SEES.
Technical Terms Of Perspective Drawing
i. Station Point.
It is the point from where the
observer looks object.
ii. Picture Plane.
It is the plane in which
picture of the object forms.
iii. Horizontal Plane.
This plane is parallel to the
Earth and in line with the eye
of the observer.
iv. Ground Plane.
If some plane is taken on the
surface of the Earth. This is
called a Ground Plane.
Technical Terms Of Perspective Drawing
v. Ground Line.
This is the line of intersection
of the ground plane and the
picture plane.
vi. Horizontal Line.
This is such a line which starts
from observer’s eye and meets
the picture plane after passing
through the horizontal plane.
Technical Terms Of Perspective Drawing
viii. Piercing Point.
This is the point on the picture plane
which is formed by the intersection of
the picture plane and the projection
line.
ix. Vanishing Point.
This is the point at infinity where the
length, breadth, and height of an
object vanish.
x. Axis of Vision.
This is the horizontal line which starts
from the observer’s eye and makes an
angle of 90° with the picture plane.
Technical Terms Of Perspective Drawing
Location OF Station Point:
Station point is selected at such a position so, that the vision of the object is very clear.
It is selected nearly the middle of the object so, that the angle formed to the sides of the
object be kept between 30° to 60°.
Position OF Object:
While drawing a perspective drawing, the horizontal plane is taken at a height equal to the
observer’s eye.
If the object is small then drawing is drawn by placing the object somewhat above or below
the horizontal plane.
If the object is placed above the horizontal plane, then its lower view will be seen while if it
is placed somewhat below then, its upper view will be seen.
Objectives OF Perspective Projection
1. To represent the actual
construction of buildings and
other objects.
2. To prepare other Models.
3. To illustrate drawings in
pamphlets.
4. To illustrate different parts
of the assembly drawing.
5. To represent positions of
moving things.
6. The artists construct such
drawings to illustrate the
actual view.
Principles OF Perspective Projection
1. The vertical axes of the
drawing are shown
perpendicular.
2. The horizontal lines of the
drawing look to meet at a
point called Vanishing Point.
3. The vanishing points are
shown on the horizontal lines
in the System of Horizontal
Lines.
4. If a horizontal line lies in
the horizontal plane, then its
actual length will be visible.
5. If some lines is in the
picture plane, then its length
will be visible short to its
actual length
Types OF Perspective Drawing
1. Angular Perspective
2. Parallel Perspective
[Link] Perspective
Angular perspective drawing is also
called two-point perspective drawing.
i. The line of the picture plane is drawn at some suitable place in the
drawing sheet. It is represented by P-P.
ii. The top view of the object is drawn making an angle of 30 to 60 degrees
with the horizontal line on the picture plane.
iii. The station point is shown at some suitable place below the picture
plane. All the points of the top view are joined with the station point.
iv. The lines joining the top view with the Station point will intersect the
picture plane.
In this way, the points produced on the picture plane are called Piercing
Points.
Perpendicular, parallel lines will be drawn downward from these points.
v. Lines are drawn parallel to the sides of the top view to intersect the
picture plane.
Perpendicular lines will be drawn from these intersecting points in the
downward direction.
vi. A horizontal line is drawn at some suitable position below the station
point.
The points where this line intersects the previously drawn vertical lines will
be the Vanishing Points.
vii. The front view of the object is drawn at some place below the horizontal
line.
viii. Horizontal lines are drawn from the different points of the front view.
These will intersect the vertical lines drawn from the top view.
In this way, the points produced by lines coming from a single point of top
view and the front view will be the points of the Perspective drawing.
The perspective drawing will be completed by joining these points to the
right and left vanishing points.
2. Parallel Perspective Drawing:
Perspective projection is drawn mostly by this method. In this method,
only one vanishing point is selected.
This type of perspective drawing is also called one point perspective
drawing.
This method involves the following steps:
i. The top view is drawn at a suitable place and front view under it.
ii. The picture plane is shown under the top view and ground level
under the front view.
iii. A station point is shown by one side of both the views at some
suitable angle, and all the points of the top view are joined with it.
iv. The points arising from the intersection of the picture plane and the
visual rays joining the point of top view to the station point will
be piercing points.
v. The horizontal line is drawn between the picture plane and ground
level. The vanishing point is put on the station point on the horizontal
line.
All the points of the front view are joined with it.
vi. The vertical line under the top view and the line going from front
view toward the vanishing point will intersect each other.
The point arising from the intersection of lines emerging from the
same point of the two views will be the point of the perspective
drawing.
By joining all such points, the perspective projection will be completed.
One point
perspective