Dimensional Analysis
and
Stoichiometry
(AKA unit conversion)
Introduction
⮚ unit conversion is called dimensional
analysis in the scientific world
⮚ I have no idea why they don't just call it
unit conversion
Introduction
⮚ For each problem, you have to find –
a. the unit in the given problem
b. the unit the answer should be in
c. the conversion factor
Conversion factors are fractions
equal to 1
1000 grams is equal to 1 kilogram.
So, you can write a conversion factor that is
equal to 1.
1000 grams
=1
1 kilogram
So, if I want to know how many
grams are in 53 kilograms, I can
use my conversion factor
1000 grams 53 kilograms
X =
1 kilogram 53,000 kg 1
You can flip the conversion
factor over if you need to
convert the other way
How many kilograms are in 275 grams?
1000 grams 1 kilogram
=
1 kilogram 1000 grams
1 kilogram X 275 grams =
1000 grams 0.275 kg 1
Molar mass is our conversion
factor
1 mole Na
=1
22.99 g Na
1 mole Cl = 1
35.45 g Cl
They can be flipped over, too!
We will be converting from
grams to moles
⮚ Scientists spend a lot of time converting
from grams to moles and back again
⮚ This is so they know how much of
something to put in their reaction
⮚ Chemicals are expensive, so when you
want to make something, you try to use
the smallest amount that will still get you
what you need
Let’s do unit conversion without
the tricky fraction garbage
(because Mrs. Standing is struggles hardcore with fractions, and because
this makes more sense anyway)
Converting from grams to moles:
⮚ divide the number of grams by the molar
mass
Example:
Convert 100g HCl to moles.
Let’s do unit conversion without
the tricky fraction garbage
(because Mrs. Standing struggles hardcore with fractions, and because this
makes more sense anyway)
Converting from moles to grams
⮚ multiply the number of moles by the
molar mass
Example:
Convert 1.5 moles HCl to grams.
Converting from grams to moles:
⮚ divide the number of grams by the molar
mass
Converting from moles to grams
⮚ multiply the number of moles by the
molar mass
Let’s do problem 7 together.
You can split these into 3 easy steps.
Step 1: Convert from grams (given) to moles
Step 2: Convert from moles to moles
Step 3: Convert from moles to grams
[Link] I react 150 g of NaBr with excess KI,
how much NaI will be produced?
a. Reaction: NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
Step 1: Convert from grams to moles
150 g of NaBr is how many moles NaBr?
molar mass NaBr → 22.99 + 79.9 = 102.9 g/mole
150 g NaBr
= 1.46 moles NaBr
102.9 g/mole
[Link] I react 150 g of NaBr with excess KI,
how much NaI will be produced?
a. Reaction: NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
Step 1: Convert from moles NaBr to moles NaI
NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
For every 1 mole of NaBr I start out with, 1 mole
of NaI will be produced.
So, if I start out with 1.46 moles NaBr, 1.46 moles
of NaI will be produced.
[Link] I react 150 g of NaBr with excess KI,
how much NaI will be produced?
a. Reaction: NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
Step 3: Convert from moles NaI to grams NaI
1.46 g of NaI is how many moles NaI?
molar mass NaI → 22.99+126.92=149.89 g/mole
1.46 moles NaI x 149.89 g/mole =
218.8 grams NaI produced
Do problems 8-10
11 and 12 are extra credit.
You can split these into 3 easy steps.
Step 1: Convert from grams (given) to moles
Step 2: Convert from moles to moles
Step 3: Convert from moles to grams
Let’s do problem 7 together
I am doing the following reaction:
⮚ mixing sodium bromide and potassium
iodide
⮚ to make sodium iodide and potassium
bromide
NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
I need to make at least 100 g of
NaI. So, how much NaBr do I
need to do the reaction?
NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
Sodium iodide is added to table salt because a lot of
people wouldn’t get enough iodine in their diet without
it. It is important for thyroid hormone production
NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
Step 1: Convert 100g NaI to moles NaI
What is the molar mass of NaI?
(That is our conversion factor)
22.99 + 126.90 = 149.89 grams per mole NaI
NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
Step 2: How many moles of NaI am I trying
to make?
100 g 1 mole NaI
X = 0.667
1 moles NaI
149.89 g
NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
Step 3: How many moles of NaBr do I need?
The reaction is balanced, which means that
for every 1 mole of NaBr that I have, 1 mole
of NaI is produced.
So I need the same number of moles, 0.667
moles NaBr.
NaBr + KI → NaI + KBr
Step 4: How many grams NaBr is 0.667
moles NaBr?
molar mass of NaBr =
22.99 + 79.904 = 102.89
How many grams NaBr is 0.667 moles
NaBr?
0.667 moles X 102.89 g = 68.
1 grams NaI 1 mole NaBr
I need to start with 68.63 grams NaI in order
to make 100 grams of NaBr.
A conversion factor is….
1) a fraction that always equals 1
ex. 1 kilogram equals 1000 grams
1 kg / 1000 g = 1
OR
1000 g / 1 kg = 1
The conversion factor can be used upside
down
a. Convert 2500 g to kilograms.
How to do a conversion – metric to metric
⮚ Choose a conversion factor that includes
both the unit given in the problem and the
unit you need to convert to. You could
choose:
1 kg / 1000 g = 1
OR
1000 g / 1 kg = 1
How to do a conversion – metric to metric
⮚ Choose the conversion factor that will
allow you to cross – cancel out the units
that you DO NOT want in the answer.
(hint: put the units you want for the
answer in the numerator position!)
2500 grams x 1 kilogram
1000 grams
How to do a conversion – metric to metric
⮚ Cancel out the like units
(numerator/denominator).
⮚ Do the math. Multiply the fractions -
reduce to its simplest form.
⮚ 2500 grams x 1 kilogram = 2500kilograms
1000 grams 1000
How to do a conversion – metric to metric
⮚ 2500 kilograms = 2.5 kilograms
1000
Answer = 2.5 kilograms
6 Step Method
1. Read to find the given
2. Set up the problem
3. Find the conversion factor
4. Multiply and divide
5. Record answer
6. Check work
. How to do a conversion – metric /english
⮚ Read the given problem. Determine the
units you are converting to (what units
your answer should be in).
a. Convert 750 miles to kilometers.
How to do a conversion – metric /english
⮚ Choose a conversion factor that includes
both the unit given in the problem and the
unit you need to convert to. You could
choose:
1 mile / 1.602 kilometers = 1
OR
1.602 kilometers / 1 mile = 1
How to do a conversion – metric /english
⮚ Choose the conversion factor that will
allow you to cross – cancel out the units
that you DO NOT WANT in the answer.
(hint: put the units you want for the
answer in the numerator position!)
750 miles x 1.602 kilometers
1 mile
How to do a conversion – metric /english
⮚ Cancel out the like units
(numerator/denominator).
750 miles x 1.602 kilometers
1 mile
How to do a conversion – metric /english
⮚ Do the math. Multiply the fractions -
reduce to its simplest form.
750 miles x 1.602 kilometers
1 mile
⮚ 1201.5 kilometers = 1201.5 kilometers
1
How to do a conversion – metric /english
Answer: 1200 kilometers
Dimensional Analysis
–Multistep Conversions
⮚ Example: If Gavin is running with a football
30ft/second, how fast is that in meters per
second?
⮚ Example: If Katelyn is in a Mercedes
traveling 15 mph, how fast is that in
ft/sec?