PATTERN DESIGN
Waluyo Trijono
PT. WALBER INTI NUSANTARA
Introduction
• Pattern is mirror image or replica of the
component that has to be manufactured by
casting process.
• It may be also defined as a model around which
sand is packed to give rise to a cavity called mold
cavity.
• A pattern is required even if one object has to be
cast.
• The materials generally used for pattern are wood,
metal or plastics.
Use of Pattern
• To form a cavity of proper shape and size in the
molding material so that required casting is
obtained by molten metal.
• Providing seating surface for the core that are
used for making cavity i.e. Core prints.
• Indirectly checks the dimensions and
measurement of the casting.
• Reduce casting defect
• Minimizes the cost of casting
Type of Pattern
1. Solid or Single Pattern
• The one piece or single pattern is the most of
inexpensive of all types of pattern. This type of
pattern is used only in cases where the job is very
simple and doesn’t create any withdrawal
problems. It is also used for application in very
small-scale production.
Type of Pattern
2. Split or two piece Pattern
• Split or two piece pattern is most widely used
type of pattern for intricate castings. It is split
along the parting surface. The two halves of the
pattern must be aligned properly by making use
of the dowel pins.
Type of Pattern
3. Loose piece Pattern
• In some cases, the casting may have small
projections or overhanging portions. This
projections make it difficult to withdraw the
pattern from the mold. Therefore these
projections are made as loose pieces.
Type of Pattern
4. Match-Plate Pattern
Pattern Allowance
• The modification that are incorporated into a
pattern are called Allowance
• Shrinkage or contraction allowance
• Draft or taper allowance
• Machining or finish allowance
• Distortion allowance
• Rapping allowance
Pattern Allowance
• Shrinkage or contraction allowance
Almost all cast metals shrink or contract
volumetrically on cooling.
Liquid shrink
Solid shrink
Pattern Allowance
• Practice
The casting shown is to be made in cast iron using
a wooden pattern. Assuming only shrinkage
allowance, calculate the dimension of the pattern.
Pattern Allowance
• Draft or Taper Allowance
By draft is meant the taper provided by the pattern maker
on all vertical surfaces of the pattern so that it can be
removed from the sand without tearing away the sides of
the sand mold and without excessive rapping by the
molder.
Pattern Allowance
• Machining or Finish Allowance
The finish and accuracy achieved in sand casting are
generally poor and therefore when the casting is
functionally required to be of good surface finish or
dimensionally accurate, it is generally achieved by
subsequent machining.
Pattern Allowance
• Distortion Allowance
Sometimes castings get distorted, during
solidification, due to their typical shape. For the
example, if the casting has the form of letter U,
V, T or L , etc.
Pattern Allowance
• Rapping Allowance
Before the withdrawal from the sand mold,
the pattern is rapped all around the vertical
faces to enlarge the mold cavity slightly, which
facilitate its removal. Since it enlarge the final
casting made, it is desirable that the original
pattern dimension should be reduced to
account for this increase.
Thank You