STATIC ROUTING
Role of a Router
• Routing is at the core of every data network, moving information
across an internetwork from source to destination.
• Routers are the devices responsible for the transfer of packets
from one network to the next.
• The router is a special-purpose computer that plays a key role in
the operation of any data network.
• Routers are primarily responsible for interconnecting networks
by:
• Determining the best path to send packets
• Forwarding packets toward their destination
• Routers maintain a map of all the Networks they know about
• Routing Table
Routers
• Routing Table can be populated via three methods:
• Directly Connected — Routes for the Networks which are
attached
• Static Routes — Routes manually provided by an Administrator
• Dynamic Routes — Routes learned automatically from other
Routers
Router Interfaces
Router interfaces can be divided into two major groups:
- LAN interfaces — such as Ethernet and FastEthernet
- WAN interfaces - such as serial, lSDN, and Frame Relay
Router Interfaces
• Interfaces Belong to Different Networks
Basic Router Configuration
• When configuring a router, certain basic tasks are
performed including:
• - Naming the router
• - Setting passwords
• - Configuring interfaces
• - Configuring a banner
• - Saving changes on a router
• - Verifying basic configuration and router operations
Basic Router Configuration
The first prompt appears at user mode. User mode allows you to view the
state of the router , but does not allow you to modify its configuration.
Router>
The enable command is used to enter the privileged EXEC mode. This mode
allows the user to make configuration changes on the router. The router
prompt will change from a '>" to a # in this mode.
Router>enable
Router#
Router# config terminal (enter to global configuration mode)
Basic Router Configuration
Router Interface Configuration
Example topology
Example topology
Interfaces
• Examining Router Interfaces
• Show IP route command — used to view routing table
• Show Interfaces command — used to show status of an
interface
• Show IP Interface brief command — used to show a portion
of the interface information
• Show running-config command — used to show
configuration
• file in RAM
• To enable an interface use the No Shutdown command
Interfaces
• Configuring a Serial interface
• -R1(config)#interface serial 0/0
• -R1(config-if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
• -R1(config-if)#no shutdown
• One side of a serial connection must be considered a
DCE
• -R1(config-if)#clockrate 64000
Interfaces
• To configure an Ethernet interface
• -R2(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
• -R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1 .1 [Link]
• -R2(config-if)#no shutdown
Static Routing
• Astatic route includes the network address and subnet mask of
the remote network, along with the IP address of the next-hop
router or exit interface.
• Static routes should be used in the following cases:
• - A network consists of only a few routers.
• - A network is connected to the internet only through a single
ISP.
• - A large network is configured in a hub and-spoke topology. A
hub-and-spoke topology consists of a central location (the hub)
and multiple branch locations (spokes), with each spoke having
only one connection to the hub.
Static Routes with Exit Interfaces
• -Router(config)# ip route network-address subnet-
mask {ip-address | exit-interface}
• Example:
• Router(config)# ip route network-address subnet- mask exit-
interface
Default Static Route
Default Static Route
Reading the routing table
Configuring a Serial interface
• R1 (config) #interface serial 0/ 0/ 0
• R1(config—if)#ip address [Link] [Link]
• R1 (config-if) #no shutdown
• R1#show interfaces serial 0/0/0