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Overview of Western Philosophy Basics

The document discusses the origins of philosophy, highlighting Greece as its birthplace and Thales as its father. It outlines the main branches of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and aesthetics, and introduces philosophical tools such as the Socratic method and logical reasoning. Additionally, it references moral decision-making frameworks and Ken Wilber's conceptual map for analyzing perspectives.

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11 views18 pages

Overview of Western Philosophy Basics

The document discusses the origins of philosophy, highlighting Greece as its birthplace and Thales as its father. It outlines the main branches of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and aesthetics, and introduces philosophical tools such as the Socratic method and logical reasoning. Additionally, it references moral decision-making frameworks and Ken Wilber's conceptual map for analyzing perspectives.

Uploaded by

Aaron TV
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

• Where am I?

• How do I know it?


• What should I do?
ORIGIN OF PHILOSOPHY
• Greece is the birthplace of philosophy in the West.
• Ancient Greek city of Miletus in the Western
• Thales is the Father of Philosophy in the Western civilization.
• He lived between 624 and 546 BCE
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
• EPISTEMOLOGY- KNOWLEDGE REALITY
• METAPHYSICS- EXISTENCE
• ETHICS/MORALITY- OUGHT TO BE
• POLITICS- PROPER SOCIAL SYSTEM
• AESTHETICS- JUDGEMENT OF BEAUTY
PHILOSOPHICAL TOOLS AND PROCESSES
1. Philosophical Questions. Philosophy was born because of
ignorance.
 The Socratic Method- based on asking and answering
questions to stimulate critical thinking
Dialectics is a term used to describe a method of
philosophical argument that involves some sort of
contradictory process between opposing sides.
As a dialectical method, it is a discourse between two or more
people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing
to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

Karl Marx, the father of


communism.
2. Logical Reasoning. In philosophy reasoning is the process of
thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a
conclusion or judgement.

INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE
REASONING REASONING
Philosophical Reflection
According to Gabriel Marcel, philosophical reflection is the act of giving time
to think about the meaning and purpose of life.
Gabriel Marcel
Secondary Reflection
Primary Reflection Which enables us to look
which is the ability to deeper into our
think logically. experiences and see the
bigger picture of reality.
Moral theology employs the STOP sign as
guidepost of moral decision making.

S
Search out
T
Think reflect and
O
How it affects
PPray
analyse the facts Others.
the facts.
A framework is a conceptual map consisting of our views and
beliefs which affects the way we view the world (Abella
2016).

A Q A L
All Quadrants All Levels
KEN WILBER
KEN WILBER
1. Everything can be analysed using a vertical line
(left and right).

2. using a horizontal line that divides space.


(above and below)
KEN WILBER
“the inside and outside of the individual and
collective (Wilber 2006)
KEN WILBER
KEN WILBER
KEN WILBER
KEN WILBER
KEN WILBER
KEN WILBER
KEN WILBER

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