Health informatics tools
Dr howida kameel
Health informatics tools
include not only computers but
also clinical guidelines, formal
medical terminologies, and
information and
communication systems. It is
applied to the areas of nursing,
clinical care, dentistry,
pharmacy, public health and
.(bio)medical research
Medical informatics is a"
rapidly developing scientific
field that deals with the storage,
retrieval, and optimal use of
biomedical information, data,
and knowledge for problem
".solving and decision making
Medical informatics is the
application of computer
technology to all fields of
Telemedicine
Used for consultation
.remotely
Also for sending
radiology images over a
distance to be
interrupted by physician
.abroad
First use: in military
.conditions
is composed of the Greek word
τελε (tele) meaning 'far', and
medicine. It is therefore the
delivery of medicine at a
distance. A more extensive
definition is that it is the use
of modern telecommunication
and information technologies
for the provision of clinical
care to individuals located at a
distance and to the
transmission of information to
Telemedicine
Telemedicine (tele”= from
distance) is the delivery of
health-related services and
.information from distance
Telemedicine could be as simple as
two health professionals discussing
over the telephone about a patient,
or more sophisticated as using
videoconferencing to between
providers at facilities in two
Telehealth
Telehealth is more
comprehensive than T
.medicine
used in ageing population
that are not able to take
care of themselves, can
send there condition
through
a modem to a health care
institution to be interpreted
.and dealt with
The delivery of health related
services,enabled by the innovative use
of
technology, such as videoconferencing,
.without the need for travel
Telehealth: a broader term
Telehealth is an expansion of telemedicine. It
encompasses
preventive ,promotive ,curative aspects
Today telehealth addresses an array of
technology solutions, simple or more
complex. For example,physicians use email
to communicate with patients, order drug
prescriptions and provide other health
Clinical uses of telehealth
Transmission of medical images for
diagnosis
Groups or individuals exchanging
real time health services or
education live via videoconference
Transmission of medical data for
diagnosis or disease management
(remote monitoring)
Advice on disease prevention and
promotion of good health by patient
Other indirect uses of tele-health
Distance education including
continuing medical education of
health professionals and
patient education
Administrative meetings among
telehealth networks, supervision, and
presentations
Heathcare system integration
Patient movement and remote
admission
Research
E Health
E- health is more
comprehensive
.than T-Health
because it is not →
necessary to work
on information
remotely from a
.distance
Also written e-health, is a relatively recent
term for healthcare practice which is
supported by electronic processes and
communication, some people would argue the
term is interchangeable with Health
.Informatics
Teleconsultation
It is the remote access to special knowledge or
special event or collaborative diagnosis
cooperation decision (eg teleradiology).Refers
to sharing images and other patient data
between physician and one or more
specialists. The diagnosis is made by a
physician and specialists help him come up
Telediagnosis
Patient diagnosis from a remote doctor
.(e.g. telecardiology)
Sharing of images & other patient data
between doctor and patient
A doctor locally, provides additional
.information
“Collaborative diagnosis”: cooperation
between remote health professionals for a
diagnosis
Telecare
Use of remote sensing data to provide
remote assistance to patients (e.g. patients
.with diabetes)
Sensors in home tele-care for rehabilitation
Wearable Clothes: the example of Lifeshirt
(vivometrics)
A noninvasive system based on plethysmography
(measuring changes in volume within an organ or
whole body
usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of
)blood or air it contains
Wearable: provides constant monitoring by
measuring and storing respiratory and cardiac
parameters
. Creates health profile during normal daily activities
Users wearing a light garment can be washed in
.normal washing
Embedded sensors collect data on cardiopulmonary
.function
Lifeshirt improves the speed and quality
of sleep studies, since patients can be
.monitored from home
Telemonitoring
Remote monitoring of a patient in
a non-hospital environment
Telemetry devices monitor vital
signs and inform accordingly
Distance Learning
continuing medical education for
healthcare professionals without having
.to travel to central sites
Tele-education / clinic session
remotely
Remote education for patients
Simulation applications (eg surgical
.operation sims)
Online seminars, interactive video
conferencing, instant access to training
.materials
Distant Learning refers to both the
Components of telecare
Clinical knowledge
Communications
Material
. Logs: Scanners, Cameras, etc
Storage: Optical, magnetic media
Databases
Playback: Sound, video, printers
Contact: Navigators, software video
.conferencing, e-mail, etc
Areas of Application
Tele-Radiology
One of the most popular apps and the
first appeared. Radiographs are obtained
in one location and
transmitting them to one or more remote
locations, where displayed on a screen or
printed. The images
can be from scratch in digital form or
digitized retrospectively. The images are
stored in a retrieval
.system (eg PACS) or sent straight
Telepathology
Images of pathology may be sent from one location
to another for clinical consultation
Telesurgery
:Application to inaccessible places
Remote areas (remote islands, mountainous areas,
space, etc.)
Anatomical locations difficult to access (e.g. brain
surgery)
Enhancing surgical skill: Using robotic systems for
greater accuracy
Video Conferencing
•
Very popular among hospitals
•
Customized hardware and software at two locations
(patient-carer or carer-carer)
Tele-Health or e-health
.E-health is much more than tele-health
tele is a limiting factor to the form of technology in •
.health
.E-health could be at distance or local •
From Telemedicine to eHealth
The practice of telemedicine will become more
prominent and will be part of the
;mainstream of Healthcare
It will become increasingly difficult to
differentiate telemedicine from many other uses of
technology in the delivery of
;healthcare
From Telemedicine to eHealth
E-health is all inclusive and captures
the use of Internet technologies and
the rise of the information economy.
:This includes
;information technology –
;telecommunication technology –
Data transmission protocols and –
;techniques
E-Health is all inclusive and
captures all types of
E-Health components
Summery of e-Health components
Digital Format of Medical .1
.knowledge
.2
.Person wiling to share
Equipment to store, retrieve and .3
.process the data
Telecommunication to send data .4
Four essential components
make the e-health
Medical knowledge that lends itself to
being stored in computer files (digital
format);
People who are willing to share, apply
;and use this knowledge
Data processing equipment to record,
;store and process this data
Telecommunication facilities to
transfer (exchange) this data
electronically between remote
.locations
?WHY MEDICAL INFORMATICS for healthcare
Summery Benefits Medical
informatics
•
.Better and fast access to data
•
.Better data quality
•
.Improved coordination of care
•
.Reduced Medical errors
•
Reduce un-necessary
.interventions and procedures
Improve Healthcare quality
Better data access
Faster data retrieval and storage
High quality data
. Support medical and non-medical decision-making
Enhance quality assurance
Enhance out-come researches and studying
programs
Sharing medical data
Reduce duplication of efforts
Provide unified access to all existing data
Increase healthcare organization efficiency
Reducing cost and achieves quality of healthcare
Improve staff productivity
Reduce redundant tests, services and information
entry
Manage billing and payment system
Eliminate and reduce errors
Hospital Information System
HIS: is a comprehensive information system
dealing with all aspects of information
.processing in a hospital
This encompasses human (and paper- •
based) information processing as well as data
.processing machines
As an area of Medical Informatics the aim of •
HIS is to achieve the best possible support of
patient care and administration by electronic
data
processing
:How nurses use computers in their daily work are
Record on the electronic health record your personal health- •
care story, the
treatments they carry out for you, and your response and
progress toward your health
care goal for monitoring and for ready access by other team
.members
Obtain information about your past and ongoing treatments •
and medications and the
.results to ensure the best care is provided
Review data about your current and past health situation and •
plan of care on the
electronic health record, which helps them monitor your recovery
.process over time
Access clinical knowledge such as drug information, nursing •
assessments, articles
and nursing best practice guidelines and resources to better
.understand your health situation and plan of care
,To provide information management assistance to nurses
the three of source data capture, nursing data
standards, and decision support system must
be‖ addressed. These three areas are crucial to
providing computer support for nurses in the delivery
.of patient care
Source Data Capture
Source data ―capture in here means gathering data
and information about patients where it originates,
that is, with the patient. The concept of ―terminal by
the bedside‖ was introduced in the mid-1980s. most
experts agree that bringing the computer access
closer to the patient, i.e. locating it at the ―point of
care‖, is a valid premise, and clinicians appears to
favour the bedside terminal as a means to reduce
much of the clerical workload and improve access to‖
.clerical data
Criteria for Source Data Capture
:The technology must meet specific criteria which are
It must ―permit nurses at the patients‘ bedside to interact
with the main patient database and the main care planning
.system or hospital information system
It must have the capacity to interact with existing hospital .2
information system
so that effort already expended in developing hospital
information system is
not wasted
Such technology must be small and compact so as to.3
occupy the minimum
amount of space at the patient‘s bedside and therefore, not
interfere with the
use of other important equipment necessary to the care of
.the patient
The technology must be rugged and durable
It must be easy and uncomplicated to use and have high-resolution
.screens with graphics capability that can be read in the dared
Provision must be made for a variety of means of data entry, .6
(e.g. bar code
reader, physiological probe, digital camera, natural language, or
.)keyboard
A volume control is necessary to mute any keyboard sounds-7
This type of technology must allow nurses the maximum degree .8
of mobility to
enter data wherever the patient is, because patients do not always
stay in their
.beds
Two-way radio transmission of data should provide an acceptable .9
The relationship of data, information and
.knowledge
As data are transformed into information and
information into knowledge, each level increases in
complexity and requires greater application of
human intellect. As an example, a single instance of
vital signs – heart rate, respirations, temperature
and blood pressure – for a single patient can be
considered a set of data. A series of vital signs
taken over time, placed into a context, and
compared is considered information. However, a
dropping blood pressure, increasing heart rate,
respiratory rate, and fever in an elderly,
catheterized patient are recognized as being out of
the norm. The recognition that this patient may be
septic and in need of nursing and medical
interventions reflects information synthesis