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Resultant Forces and Support Reactions Analysis

The document contains a series of problems and solutions related to the determination of resultant forces, their magnitudes, directions, and locations in various mechanical scenarios involving parallel forces and beams. Each problem is methodically solved using principles of equilibrium, including the algebraic sum of forces and moments. The results include specific values for resultant forces and their respective distances from reference points.

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9 views29 pages

Resultant Forces and Support Reactions Analysis

The document contains a series of problems and solutions related to the determination of resultant forces, their magnitudes, directions, and locations in various mechanical scenarios involving parallel forces and beams. Each problem is methodically solved using principles of equilibrium, including the algebraic sum of forces and moments. The results include specific values for resultant forces and their respective distances from reference points.

Uploaded by

parthibank
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem 1

Four parallel forces of magnitudes 10N, 15N, 20N and 35N are shown in figure.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the Resultant Find the distance of the resultant from
point A.

Solution
Given Data
Let, F1 = 10N
F2 = 15N
F3 = 20N
F4 = 35N
To Find
1. Magnitude of the Resultant
2. Direction of the Resultant
3. Distance of the Resultant from point A
Location of the resultant force
Algebraic sum of the moments about A
ΣMA = (10*0) + (15*1) + (20*3) -
(35*4)
= 15 + 60 – 140 = - 65Nm (Negative
sign shows that, the net moment is
Now, Magnitude of the Resultant Force in an anticlockwise one)
R = 10 – 15 – 20 + 30 Let, x is the distance of Resultant force
R= 10N from A. Then,
Direction of the resultant force: Moment of Resultant force = R*x
UPWARDS (As R is positive) Algebraic sum of moments = ΣMA
Equating both, R*x = ΣMA
10 * x = 65
x = 6.5m
The Resultant force for the given forces
is 10N, acting vertically upwards, at
a distance of 6.5m on the right side
of A. Resultant force is shown in
figure
Problem 2
For the parallel forces shown in figure, determine the magnitude, direction and
location of the Resultant force.
Solution
Given Data
Let F1 = 30N
F2 = - 40N
F3 = - 15N
F4 = 25N
F5 = - 60N
To Find
1. Magnitude of the Resultant
2. Direction of the Resultant
3. Distance of the Resultant from point A (Location)
Location of the resultant force
Algebraic sum of the moments
about A
ΣMA = (30*8) + (- 40*7) + (-
15*4) + (25*2) + ( - 60*0)
= 240 – 280 -60 + 50 = - 50Nm
(Negative sign shows that, the
net moment is in an
anticlockwise one)
Let, x is the distance of Resultant
Now, Magnitude of the Resultant Force force from A. Then,
R = 30 – 40 -15 +25 -60 Moment of Resultant force = R*x
R= - 60N Direction of the resultant force:
LEFT (As R is negative)
Algebraic sum of moments = ΣMA
Equating both, R*x = ΣMA
- 60 * x = - 50
x = 0.833m
Problem 3
ABCD is a weightless rod under the action of four forces P, Q, S and T as shown in
figure. If P=10N, Q = 4N, S = 8N and T = 12N, calculate the resultant and mark the
same in direction with respect to the end A of the rod
Solution
Given Data
Let P = 10N; θ1 = 450
Q = 4N; θ2 = 300
S = 8N; θ3 = 300
T = 12N; θ1 = 600

To Find
1. Magnitude of the Resultant
2. Direction of the Resultant
3. Distance of the Resultant from point A (Location)
Here given forces are in some inclination, so we resolve
the forces into horizontal and vertical components

P 10sin45 - 8sin30 12sin60


- 4sin30 T
Q S

45 30 30 60

- 10cos45 - 4cos30 8cos30 12cos60


A B C D

1m 1m 1m
Step 1: Algebraic sum of Horizontal forces. (i.e., ΣH)
Resolving the forces horizontally
ΣH =-10cos45° - 4cos30° + 8 cos30° + 12 cos60°
= - 7.071 - 3.464 + 6.928 + 6
= 2.393
Step 2: Algebraic sum of vertical forces. (i.e., ΣV)
Resolving the forces vertically
ΣV =10sin 45° - 4 sin 30° - 8sin 60° + 12 sin60°
= 7.071 – 2 – 4 +10.392
= 11.463N
Step 3: Magnitude of Resultant force.
Magnitude of Resultant force,
R = 11.71N
Step 4: Direction of Resultant force.

α = 78.2
Location of the resultant force

Algebraic sum of the moments about A


ΣMA = (-10sin45*0) + (4 sin 30*1) + (8 sin 30*2) + ( - 12 sin *3)
= 2 + 8 – 31.176 = - 21.176Nm (Negative sign shows that, the net moment is in an
anticlockwise one)
Now algebraic sum of moments of all the given forces about A is equal to sum of the
moments ΣH and ΣV about A. But, moment of ΣH about A is zero, as it is passing
through A. Therefore,
ΣMA = Moment of ΣV alone
ΣMA = (ΣV*x)
= 1.847m
Problem 4
Four forces of magnitude and direction acting on a square ABCD of side
2m are shown in figure. Calculate the resultant in magnitude and direction and also
locate its point of application with respect to the sides AB and AD.
Solution
Given Data
F1 = 6kN; θ1 = 600
F2 = 12kN; θ2 = 450
F3 = 10kN; θ3 = 300
F4 = 4kN; θ4 = 300
To Find
1. Magnitude of the Resultant
2. Direction of the Resultant
3. Location of the resultant force with respect to the side AB
4. Location of the resultant force with respect to the side AD
6sin60 12sin45
6kN
12kN

60 45

- 6cos60 A B 12cos45

2m

- 4cos30 D C 10cos30

30 30

4kN 10kN
- 4sin30 - 10sin30

Now, resolve the forces


Step 1: Algebraic sum of Horizontal forces. (i.e., ΣH)
Resolving the forces horizontally
ΣH =12 cos45° + 10 cos30° - 6 cos60° - 4cos 30°
=8.485 + 8.66 – 3 – 3.464
= 10.681N
Step 2: Algebraic sum of vertical forces. (i.e., ΣV)
Resolving the forces vertically
ΣV =12 sin 45° - 10 sin 30° + 6 sin 60° - 4sin60°
=8.485 -5 +5.196 - 2
= 6.681N
Step 3: Magnitude of Resultant force.
Magnitude of Resultant force,
R= 12.598N
Step 4: Direction of Resultant force.
α = 32°
Location of the resultant force
Algebraic sum of the moments about A
ΣMA = (4cos30*2) + (10 sin 30*2) - (10 cos 30*2) - ( 12 sin
45*2)
= 6.928 + 10 – 17.32 – 16.97
= - 17.36kNm (Negative sign shows that, the net moment is in
an anticlockwise one)
Location of the resultant force with respect Location of the resultant force with respect
to side AB to side AD
ΣMA = Sum of the moments of ΣH and ΣV ΣMA = Sum of the moments of ΣH and ΣV
Now, in the side AB, due to the ΣH there is no Now, in the side AD, due to the ΣV there is no
moment. So moment. So
ΣMA = ΣV * x ΣMA = ΣH * y
ΣMA = 6.681 * x ΣMA = 10.681 * y
x = 2.598m y = 1.625m
R = 12.598kN
2.598m
α
A B

1.625m

D C
Problem 5
A 300 x 150mm plate is subjected to four forces as shown in fig 5.26. Find the resultant
of the four forces and the two points at which the line of action of the resultant
intersects the edge of the plate.
Solution
Given Data
F1 = 200N
F2 = 250N
F3 = 100N
F4 = 250N
To Find
1. Magnitude of the Resultant
2. Direction of the Resultant
3. Location of the resultant force
Step 1: Algebraic sum of Horizontal forces. (i.e., ΣH)
Resolving the forces horizontally
ΣH =
= - 200
Step 2: Algebraic sum of vertical forces. (i.e., ΣV)
Resolving the forces vertically
ΣV =
= 100
Step 3: Magnitude of Resultant force.
Magnitude of Resultant force,
R= 223.6
Step 4: Direction of Resultant force.
α = 326.56°
Location of the resultant force
Algebraic sum of the moments about A
ΣMA = (250cos45*0.15) + (250 sin 45*0.15) - (250 sin 45*0.15)
-( 100 0.3)
= - 3.48Nm (Negative sign shows that, the net moment is in an
anticlockwise one)
Problem 6
Find the support reactions of a simply supported beam, shown in figure
Solution
Given data
Simply supported beam
Force (F1) = 4kN
Force (F2) = 8kN
To Find
Support Reactions
Now, draw the Free body diagram
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0
HB = 0
Apply ∑V = 0
VA + VB – 4 - 8 = 0
VA + VB = 12 ------- (1)
Apply ∑MA = 0
(4*2) + (8*6) – (VB *8) = 0
VB = 7kN
Sub VB = 7kN in equation (1)
VA + 7 = 12
VA = 5kN
Here, both VA and VB values are positive. Hence, assumed directions of these reactions
are correct. Both acting upwards
Problem 7
Determine the support reactions of the beam shown in figure
Solution
Given data
Simply supported beam
Force (F1) = 6kN ; θ1 = 90
Force (F2) = 8kN ; θ2 = 60
Force (F3) = 10kN ; θ2 = 45
To Find
Support Reactions
Now, draw the Free body diagram
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0
10 cos45 – 8cos 60 – HA = 0
HA = 3.07kN
Apply ∑V = 0
VA + VB – 6 – 8sin60 – 10sin45 = 0
VA + VB = 20 ------- (1)
Apply ∑MA = 0
(6*2) + (8sin60*3.5) + (10sin45*6.5) - (VB *7) = 0
VB = 11.74kN
Sub VB = 11.74kN in equation (1)
VA + 11.74 = 20
VA = 8.26kN
Here, both VA and VB values are positive. Hence, assumed directions of these reactions
are correct. Both acting upwards
Problem 8
Determine the support reactions of the beam shown in figure
Solution
Given data
Force (F1) = 30kN ; θ1 = 30
Force (F2) = 20kN ; θ2 = 90
To Find
Support Reactions
Now, draw the Free body diagram
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0
30 cos30 – HA - RBcos30 = 0
0.866RB+ HA = 25.98 ----- (1)
Apply ∑V = 0
VA + RBsin30 –30sin30 –20 = 0
VA + 0.5RB = 35 ------- (2)
Apply ∑MA = 0
(30sin30*4) + (20*6) - (RBsin30 *8) = 0
RB = 45kN
Sub RB = 45kN in equation (1) and (2)
VA + 11.74 = 20
HA = - 13kN
VA = 12.5kN
Problem 9
A beam AB of span 10m span is loaded as shown in figure. Determine the
reactions at A and B.
Solution
Given data
Simply supported beam
To Find
Support Reactions at A and B
For u.d.l, total load = 3*4 = 12kN
Which act at the mid point of AC, ie., 2m from A
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0 HB = 0
Apply ∑V = 0
VA -12 – 8 – 8 + VB = 0
VA + VB = 28 ------- (1)
Apply ∑MA = 0
(12*2) + (8*6) + (8*8) – (VB *10) = 0
VB = 13.6kN
Sub VB = 13.6kN in equation (1) VA = 8.26kN
Here, both VA and VB values are positive. Hence, assumed directions of these reactions
are correct. Both acting upwards
Problem 10
Calculate the support reactions of a simply supported beam shown in figure
Solution
Given data
simply supported beam
To Find
Support Reactions
For u.d.l, total load = 1*4 = 4kN
Which act at the mid point of AC, ie., 2m from A
Similarly for u.v.l total load = ½(l*b) = ½(8*2) = 8kN
Which act at centroid of the triangle, ie., 2/3(8) = 5.33m from B
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0 HA = 0
Apply ∑V = 0 VA + VA - 4 – 8 = 0
VA + VB = 12 ------- (1)
Apply ∑MA = 0
(4*2) + [(8)* (12-5.33)] - (VB *12) = 0
VB = 5.11kN
Sub VB = 5.11kN in equation (1)
VA + 5.11 = 12
VA = 6.89kN
Problem 11
Determine the support reactions of a beam shown in figure.
Solution
Given data
Cantilever beam
To Find
Support Reactions
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0 10cos60 – 12cos30 - HA = 0
Apply ∑V = 0 VA -10sin60 – 12sin30 -8 = 0
VA = 22.66kN

Apply ∑MA = 0
(10sin60*4) + (12sin30*6) + (8*10) + MA = 0
MA = 150.64kNm
Problem 12
A simply supported overhanging beam 20m long carries a system of loads and a couple
as shown in figure. Determine the reactions at supports A and B.
Solution
Given data
simply supported overhanging beam
To Find
Support Reactions
Convert the u.d.l into point load i.e., 2*5 = 10kN
Which act at the midpoint of BE
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0 HA = 0
Apply ∑V = 0 VA + VB - 8 – (10) = 0
VA + VB = 18 ------ (1)
Apply ∑MA = 0
(10*12.5) - (8*5) + 20 - (VB *10) = 0
VB = 110.5kN
Sub VB = 110.5kN in equation (1)
VA = 7.5kN
Problem 13
A bent up beam ABC is shown in figure. It s hinged at A and supported
on rollers at C. If there is an uniform wind pressure of 2 kN/m on the vertical side
AB, and a central point load of 16 kN at middle of BC, calculate the reactions
offered by the supports
Solution
Given data
To Find
Support Reactions
Convert the u.d.l into point load i.e., 2*10 = 20kN
Which act at the midpoint of AB
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0 20 - HA = 0 ; HA = 20kN
Apply ∑V = 0 VA + VC - 16 = 0
VA + VC = 16 ------ (1)
Apply ∑MA = 0
(16*2) + (20*5) - (VC*4) = 0
VC = 33kN
Sub VC = 33kN in equation (1)
VA = - 17kN (VA value is negative. Hence, assumed direction is wrong. It acts
oppocite direction)
Problem 14
A beam AB, is simply supported and carries loads as shown in fig 8.28. Calculate
the reactions at A and B.
Solution
Given data
To Find
Support Reactions
Now apply the conditions for equilibrium
Apply ∑H = 0 10cos60 – 6cos45 - HA = 0
HA = 0.76kN
Apply ∑V = 0 VA + VB – 10sin60 – 9 -6sin45 = 0
VA + VB = 21.9 ------ (1)
Apply ∑MA = 0
(9*1.5) + (6sin45*3.5) + (10cos60*1.5) – (10sin60*1) - (VB*5) = 0
VB = 5.483kN
Sub VC = 5.483kN in equation (1)
VA = 16.462kN
Problem 15
Find the reactions at the supports A and B of the beam. shown figure
Solution
Given data
To Find
Support Reactions

Convert the u.d.l into point load


Now apply the conditions for equilibrium

Common questions

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The magnitude of the resultant force is determined by summing up the algebraic magnitudes of all individual forces, considering the direction of each force. For instance, using given forces F1 = 10N, F2 = 15N, F3 = 20N, and F4 = 35N, the resultant is R = 10 - 15 - 20 + 30 = 10N. The direction is determined from the sign of the resultant; in this case, as R is positive, the direction is upwards .

To determine reactions at supports of a simply supported beam, transform distributed loads into point loads at their centroids and apply equilibrium equations. ΣH tells us the horizontal balance, ΣV provides vertical balance, and ΣMA ensures moment balance around a point. Solving these simultaneously yields reactions at supports. For example, support reactions are calculated by substituting known loads into these equilibrium equations .

The location of a force relative to a reference point influences the moment calculated about that point, with greater distances increasing the moment value. The moment of a force is calculated as the product of the force and its perpendicular distance from the reference point. In calculating moments, the sign (positive or negative) indicates direction relative to point, crucial for deriving the net moment .

Converting a uniformly distributed load into a point load simplifies analysis by reducing complex distributed forces to a single equivalent force acting at the centroid. This conversion allows direct application of equilibrium equations to solve for reactions. For example, a u.d.l. is often converted to a point load in beam calculations, with the point load acting at the middle for symmetric loads .

In inclined force systems, the horizontal component of a force is determined using the cosine of the angle of inclination, while the vertical component uses the sine. For instance, a force F at an angle θ from the horizontal has components Fx = F*cosθ and Fy = F*sinθ, aiding in determining the net horizontal and vertical forces in a system .

Equilibrium conditions involve setting the sum of horizontal forces (ΣH), vertical forces (ΣV), and moments (ΣMA) to zero to solve for unknown reactions at supports. For instance, applying ΣV to forces on a simply supported beam, along with the moment equation around a pivot, allows calculation of support reactions like VA and VB in a beam under various loads .

Inclined forces are resolved into horizontal and vertical components to simplify the problem of finding a resultant force. For example, a force can be broken down using trigonometric functions like cosine for horizontal and sine for vertical components. By summing these components separately (ΣH and ΣV), a clearer view of the net effect of the forces is achieved, allowing for calculation of the magnitude and direction of the resultant force .

Verifying equilibrium ensures that the mechanical system is properly analyzed under static conditions. It confirms the balance of forces and moments, preventing erroneous conclusions about system stability or design errors. In analyzing beam reactions, equilibrium checks validate the accuracy of computed reaction forces, confirming designs against physical laws .

The signs of calculated values indicate whether the assumed directions for forces or reactions were correct. A positive result confirms the assumed direction, while a negative result suggests the actual direction is opposite. For example, when a calculated vertical reaction force VA = -17 in a beam analysis, it indicates the assumed direction for VA was incorrect and actually acts in the opposite direction .

To find the location of the resultant force, the algebraic sum of the moments about a reference point is calculated. Then, equate the moment of the resultant to this sum. For instance, with forces given, if the algebraic sum of moments ΣMA = -65Nm, the equation R*x = ΣMA helps in finding x, giving x = 6.5m .

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