Non- 01
02
Destructive
03
04
05
testing
06
Presenter: engr. Rudolf Niño b. Regis
Table of
• Introduction
Contents
• Difference between destructive and non-
• destructive testing
Non-destructive
• Ndt
methods
application
Introduct
• Non-destructive testing refers to the use of testing
ion
techniques that do not alter any of the properties of the
tested product. These properties could be its strength,
integrity, appearance, corrosion resistance, conductivity,
wear resistance, toughness and so on.
• Non-destructive testing is also known as non-destructive
evaluation, non-destructive analysis, non-destructive
examination and non-destructive inspection.
“Difference Between Non-Destructive and
• Purpose Destructive Testing”
The purpose of each type of testing is to ensure that
we have a safe product. With destructive testing, however, the
intention is to find the operational limits for a product through
tests such as fatigue and tensile tests.
On the other hand, with NDT, we check whether a
manufactured product or one that is already in service is good
enough to function satisfactorily in its service environment.
We may also use it to assess the extent of wear and tear such
as the use of ultrasonic thickness measurement for steel
plating of ships.
“Difference Between Non-Destructive and
Destructive Testing”
• Cost efficiency
-There are two ways in which non-destructive testing is
more cost-efficient compared to destructive testing.
-Firstly, it does not damage the test specimen. After
evaluation through NDT, it will remain just as effective as
before and can be put into service right away.
-Secondly, NDT can identify potential issues in
machinery that is in service, such as a pressure vessel, and
recommend replacement before failure occurs, thereby saving
breakdown costs that are far costlier than temporary planned
“Difference Between Non-Destructive and
• time Destructive Testing”
-When it comes to time, NDT is more effective again.
Destructive methods by nature are far more time-consuming
processes. This is mainly because destructive testing
processes are mostly manual and we can automate fewer
components of it. They also require longer preparation and
inspection times.
-NDT, on the other hand, does not even always need
the removal of parts from service thereby saving valuable
time. For destructive testing, work must be halted and
machines stopped for testing which increases downtime.
“Difference Between Non-Destructive and
• wastage Destructive Testing”
-A test product that undergoes destructive testing
becomes unsalvageable. At times, entire machines have to be
discarded.
-Some examples of destructive methods that create
wastage are tensile tests, 3-point bend tests, impact tests and
drop tests.
-this is not the case with non-destructive testing. In
some cases, the destruction may be necessary but in a lot of
other cases, non-destructive methods will give us similar or
better results.
“Difference Between Non-Destructive and
• safety Destructive Testing”
-Destructive testing is carried out before a product is
put into service to determine its operational limits. This may
be necessary for some products such as PPE where they must
be made to certain standards but destructive testing cannot
be used for products in service.
-In such cases, NDT methods can help us identify worn-
out products and parts so we can replace them. By ensuring
that critical equipment is well within desired limits, the
number of safety incidents can be brought to a minimum.
“Difference Between Non-Destructive and
Destructive Testing”
• Reliability of results
-Both destructive and non-destructive testing can give
very reliable results. Destructive testing can only test a small
number of samples (lot sampling). Non-destructive testing, on
the other hand, can test entire batches.
-NDT is also a better alternative to find discontinuities
and defects in a part.
• Non-destructive
1.
methods
Magnetic particle testing
2. Ultrasonic testing
3. Penetrant testing
4. Radiographic testing
Magnetic particle testing
• Magnetic particle testing is also a fairly popular NDT technique because of its
fast execution where no surface preparation is needed.
• In magnetic particle testing, the part is placed between permanent magnets or
electromagnets. The strength of the field is an important factor since a
stronger field gives better results.
• When the part under inspection is placed into the field, a magnetic current
starts flowing through the specimen. If there’s no defect, an uninterrupted
magnetic flux field is obtained.
• But if it comes across a defect, the magnetic field bends and a part of it leaks
out. This leakage is also known as the flux leakage field.
• In order to identify the defects via these leakage points, magnetic particles are
used. These particles are applied to the test specimen and they are pulled into
these leakage points because of the uneven magnetic flux density.
• With this technique, we can detect defects such as cracks, pores, laps,
inclusions, seams, laminations, shrinks, flakes, welding defects, machining
Advantages of magnetic testing:
• Easy to use • Parts with complex geometries are
also suitable
• Portable setup
• Visual indication of the shape and
• High sensitivity size of the defect
• Immediate results • Can detect surface defects well.
Also works for subsurface defects to
• Usually inexpensive an extent
• Can work through thin surface coatings
Disadvantages of magnetic particle testing:
• Can only test small areas at a time
• Does not work with non-magnetic materials
• Testing may burn the particle if the field is too strong
• Coatings thicker than 0.1 mm need removal for testing
• Demagnetisation of test specimens is necessary but may
be tricky
• Can only work for subsurface defects that have a depth of
up to 3 mm
Non-destructive testing
-NDT has a wide range of practical
application
applications. But we can divide all of them into
one of the following two categories: quality
control and condition monitoring.
-We can use nondestructive testing to carry out
a quality assessment of the manufactured
parts to determine that they meet the desired
specifications. We may also use it to assess the
condition of parts that are already in service
Can be applied in:
• Structural mechanics
• wielding
• medical
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addicted to
drugs, be
addicted for
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success”
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