Module 1
Plane Stress
• Plane Stress Element:
Stresses on Inclined Sections
𝝉𝒙 𝟏 𝒚𝟏 =𝝉 𝒚 𝟏 𝒙𝟏
Stresses on Inclined Sections
Stress Transformation Equations
Special Cases of Plane Stress
Uniaxial state of stress
Biaxial state of stress
Pure shear
Problem 1
• A plane-stress condition exists at a point on the surface of a
loaded structure, where the stresses have the magnitudes
and directions shown on the stress element of figure
below. Determine the stresses acting on an element that is
oriented at a clockwise angle of 15° with respect to the
original element.
Solution of Problem 1
Principal Stresses
• The maximum and minimum normal stresses, called the principal
stresses
= Angle of principal plane
Principal stresses
Maximum shear stresses
= Angle of plane of maximum shear stress
Maximum shear stresses
• Normal stress acting on the plane of maximum shear stress
Problem 2
• An element in plane stress is subjected to stresses 80 MPa,
52 MPa, and 48 Mpa. Determine the principal stresses and
show them on a sketch of a properly oriented element.
Problem 3
• An element in plane stress is subjected to stresses 25.5 MPa,
6.5 MPa, and 12.0 MPa. Determine the maximum shear
stresses and associated normal stresses and show them on a
sketch of a properly oriented element.
Problem 4
• At a point on the surface of a machine component the stresses
acting on the x face of a stress element are 45 MPa and 30
Mpa. What is the allowable range of values for the stress if the
maximum shear stress is limited to 34 MPa?
Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress
(Graphical Method)
• Equations of Mohr’s circle:
Two Forms of Mohr’s circle
Construction of Mohr’s Circle
Problem 5
• An element in plane stress is subjected to stresses , , and as shown
in figure. Using Mohr’s circle, determine the stresses acting on an
element oriented at an angle from the x axis. Also, determine the
principal stresses, maximum shear stresses, angle of principal
plane, and angle of plane of maximum shear stress.
Plane Strain
Plane Stress and Plane Strain
Strain Transformation Equations
Principal Strains
= Angle of plane of principal strain
Maximum Shear Strain
• Normal strain in the plane of maximum shear strain:
Mohr’s Circle for Plane Strain
Hooke’s Law for Plane Stress
• Strain:
Poisson’s ratio
• Stress:
Problem 6
• An element of material in plane strain undergoes the following
strains:
Determine the following quantities:
(a) the strains for an element oriented at an angle 30° , (b) the
principal strains, and (c) the maximum shear strains
Strain Rosette
• Rectangular Strain Rosette (45o Strain rosette):
Strain Rosette
• Equiangular Strain Rosette (60o Strain Rosette):
Problem 7
• During a test of an airplane wing, the strain gage readings
from a 45° rosette (see figure) are as follows: gage A, ; gage
B, ; and gage C, .
Determine the principal strains and maximum shear strains,
and show them on sketches of properly oriented elements.
Problem 8
• A 60° strain rosette, or delta rosette, consists of three
electrical-resistance strain gages arranged as shown in the
figure. Gage A measures the normal strain in the direction of
the x axis. Gages B and C measure the strains and in the
inclined directions shown. Obtain the equations for the strains
and associated with the xy axes.
Problem 9
• The strains on the surface of an experimental device made of
pure aluminum (E = 70 GPa, 0.33) and tested in a space
shuttle were measured by means of strain gages. The gages
were oriented as shown in the figure, and the measured
strains were , , and .
What is the stress in the x direction?
References
• J. M. Gere, Mechanics of Materials, 6th Edition
• S. S. Rattan, Strength of Materials, 2nd Edition