Base Station Subsystem Parameters
BSSPAR for S8
Cellular Network
Planning
© NOKIA BSSPAR FOR S8 / 12.08.99 / Cellular Network Planning page: 1 Copyright © NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Contents of BSSPAR
Channel Configurations
Idle Mode Operations
Call Flow
Radio Resource Management
Measurements and Measurement
Processing
Power Control
Handover Process
Intelligent Underlay Overlay
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Contents
1 TDMA frame
• Time Slots
• Burst
2 Signaling Channels
• Logical Channels
• BCCH/CCCH
• SDCCH/8, SDCCH/4, CBCH ( 2nd phase GSM )
3 Traffic Channels
• TCH/F, TACH
4 Parameters
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Time Slots and Frames
Hyperframe = 2048 Superframes
Superframe = 26x51 or 51x26 Multiframes
26 Multiframe = 120 ms
TCH 51 Multiframe = 235 ms SIGN.
0 1 2 24 25 0 1 2 49 50
0 7
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Burst Period
0 0
0 7 0
f s
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
= BURST PERIOD
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Logical Channels, Downlink
BSS -> MS COMMON CHANNELS
FCCH
BCH SCH
BCCH
PCH
CCCH
AGCH
DEDICATED CHANNELS
SDCCH
DCCH SACCH
FACCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Logical Channels, Uplink
MS -> BSS COMMON CHANNELS
CCCH RACH
DEDICATED CHANNELS
SDCCH
DCCH SACCH
FACCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Configuration of Signalling Channels
Combined Configuration
0 7
ts0=bcch/sdcch/4/pch/agch
Separated Configuration
0 7
ts0=bcch/pch/agchts1=sdcch/8
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Combined CCCH/SDCCH/4 Multiframe
Downlink 51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
f s bb bbc c c c f scf c c c c c c c f s tf t t t t t t t f s tf t t t t t t t f s sf s s s s s s s i
1. 2. 3. 4.
Uplink
t t t t r r s s s s s s sf s r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r t t t t t tf t t r r t t t t
0 50
NNELS f = FCCH b = BCCH r = RACH i=idle
s = SCH/SACCH c = CCCH t = SDCCH/4
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
BCCH/CCCH Multiframe
Downlink 51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
f s bb bb c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c i
Uplink
r r r r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r
0 50
CHANNELS f = FCCH b = BCCH r = RACH i=idle
s = SCH c = CCCH = PCH/AGCH
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
SDCCH/8 Multiframe
Downlink 51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
t t t t t t t t t t t t tf t t t t t t t t t tf t t t t t t t t t sf s s s s s s s s s sf s s s s s i i i
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Uplink
s s s s s s s s s s s s fi i i t t t t t t t tf t t t t t t t t t tf t t t t t t t t t tf t t t t t t t t
0 50
CHANNELS t = SDCCH/8 s = SACCH/8 i=idle
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATION
Number of Blocks for AGCH only
BCCH/CCCH 51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f s bb bb c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c i
BCCH/SDCCH/4
1 2 3
f s bb bb c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s tf t t t t t t t f s tf t t t t t t t f s sf s s s s s s s i
CHANNELS f = FCCH b = BCCH t = SDCCH/4 i=idle
s = SCH/SACCH c = CCCH = PCH/AGCH
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Full Rate Traffic Channel (TCH) Multiframe
Downlink and Uplink
26 TDMA frames = 120 ms
t t t t t t t t t t t t sf t t t t t t t t t tf t t i
0 25
CHANNELS t = TCH s = SACCH i=idle
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
SDCCH Capacity
SDCCH used in
• Call Establishment
• Location updates
• Short Message Service
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
SDCCH Capacity (a)
• Example (Call establishment and Location Update included)
• Call Establishment
2 TRXs / Cell ~ 8,11 Erl / Cell (1% Blocking probability)
1,5 min / Subs / BH = 25 mErl. / Subs
8,11 Erl / Cell /25 mErl. / Subs = 325 Subs / Cell
Authentication and Ciphering = 7 sec = 1,94 mErl / Call (SDCCH reservation time)
• => 325 Calls / Cell * 1,94 mErl / Call = 0,6305 Erl / Cell (SDCCH)
• Location Update
Location Updates once in 60 minutes ( parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS )
325 Subs / Cell
SDCCH reservation time for Location Update = 7 sec = 1,94 mErl
• => 325 Calls / Cell * 1,94 mErl / Call = 0,6305 Erl / Cell (SDCCH)
• Call Establishment and Location Update together
• 0,632 Erl + 0,632 Erl = 1,261 Erl / Cell
• With 1% Blocking Probability ( Erlang B table ) => 5 SDCCH / Cell
• Combined BCCH/SDCCH channel structure is not possible in this case !
• Separate Configuration (1 BCCH/CCCH and 1 SDCCH/8) is needed!
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Erlang B Table
Chs 1% 2% 3% 5 % Chs 1% 2% 3% 5%
1 0 .0 1 0 .0 2 0 .0 3 0 .0 5 21 1 2 .8 0 1 4 .0 0 1 4 .9 0 1 6 .2 0
2 0 .1 5 0 .2 2 0 .2 8 0 .3 8 22 1 3 .7 0 1 4 .9 0 1 5 .8 0 1 7 .1 0
3 0 .4 6 0 .6 0 0 .7 2 0 .9 0 23 1 4 .5 0 1 5 .8 0 1 6 .7 0 1 8 .1 0
4 0 .8 7 1 .0 9 1 .2 6 1 .5 2 24 1 5 .3 0 1 6 .6 0 1 7 .6 0 1 9 .0 0
5 1 .3 6 1 .6 6 1 .8 8 2 .2 2 25 1 6 .1 0 1 7 .5 0 1 8 .5 0 2 0 .0 0
6 1 .9 1 2 .2 8 2 .5 4 2 .9 6 26 1 7 .0 0 1 8 .4 0 1 9 .4 0 2 0 .9 0
7 2 .5 0 2 .9 4 3 .2 5 3 .7 5 27 1 7 .8 0 1 9 .3 0 2 0 .3 0 2 1 .9 0
8 3 .1 3 3 .6 3 3 .9 9 4 .5 4 28 1 8 .6 0 2 0 .2 0 2 1 .2 0 2 2 .9 0
9 3 .7 8 4 .3 4 4 .7 5 5 .3 7 29 1 9 .5 0 2 1 .0 0 2 2 .1 0 2 3 .8 0
10 4 .4 6 5 .0 8 5 .5 3 6 .2 2 30 2 0 .3 0 2 1 .9 0 2 3 .1 0 2 4 .8 0
11 5 .1 6 5 .8 4 6 .3 3 7 .0 8 31 2 1 .2 0 2 2 .8 0 2 4 .0 0 2 5 .8 0
12 5 .8 8 6 .6 1 7 .1 4 7 .9 5 32 2 2 .0 0 2 3 .7 0 2 4 .9 0 2 6 .7 0
13 6 .6 1 7 .4 0 7 .9 7 8 .8 3 33 2 2 .9 0 2 4 .6 0 2 5 .8 0 2 7 .7 0
14 7 .3 5 8 .2 0 8 .8 0 9 .7 3 34 2 3 .8 0 2 5 .5 0 2 6 .8 0 2 8 .7 0
15 8 .1 1 9 .0 1 9 .6 5 1 0 .6 0 35 2 4 .6 0 2 6 .4 0 2 7 .7 0 2 9 .7 0
16 8 .8 8 9 .8 3 1 0 .5 0 1 1 .5 0 36 2 5 .5 0 2 7 .3 0 2 8 .6 0 3 0 .7 0
17 9 .6 5 1 0 .7 0 1 1 .4 0 1 2 .5 0 37 2 6 .4 0 2 8 .3 0 2 9 .6 0 3 1 .6 0
18 1 0 .4 0 1 1 .5 0 1 2 .2 0 1 3 .4 0 38 2 7 .3 0 2 9 .2 0 3 0 .5 0 3 2 .6 0
19 1 1 .2 0 1 2 .3 0 1 3 .1 0 1 4 .3 0 39 2 8 .1 0 3 0 .1 0 3 1 .5 0 3 3 .6 0
20 1 2 .0 0 1 3 .2 0 1 4 .0 0 1 5 .2 0 40 2 9 .0 0 3 1 .0 0 3 2 .4 0 3 4 .6 0
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
SDCCH Capacity (b)
• Example (Call establishment and Location Update included)
• Call Establishment
2 TRXs / Cell ~ 8,11 Erl / Cell (1% Blocking probability)
1,5 min / Subs / BH = 25 mErl. / Subs
8,11 Erl / Cell /25 mErl. / Subs = 325 Subs / Cell
Authentication and Ciphering = 7 sec = 1,94 mErl / Call (SDCCH reservation
time)
• => 325 Calls / Cell * 1,94 mErl / Call = 0,6305 Erl / Cell (SDCCH)
• Location Update
Location Updates once in 120 minutes ( parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS )
325 Subs / Cell
SDCCH reservation time for Location Update = 7 sec = 1,94 mErl
• => 325 Calls / Cell * 1,94 mErl / Call * 1/2 = 0,31525 Erl / Cell (SDCCH)
• Call Establishment and Location Update together
• 0,6305 Erl/Cell + 0,31525 Erl/Cell = 0,94575 Erl/Cell (SDCCH)
• With 1% Blocking Probability ( Erlang B table ) => ~ 4 SDCCH / Cell
• Combined BCCH/SDCCH channel structure is possible in this case !
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
SDCCH Capacity (c)
• Example (Call establishment and Location Update included)
• Call Establishment
2 TRXs / Cell ~ 8,11 Erl / Cell (1% Blocking probability)
1,5 min / Subs / BH = 25 mErl. / Subs
8,11 Erl / Cell /25 mErl. / Subs = 325 Subs / Cell
Authentication and Ciphering = 7 sec = 1,94 mErl / Call (SDCCH reservation time)
• => 325 Calls / Cell * 1,94 mErl / Call = 0,6305 Erl / Cell (SDCCH)
• Location Update
Location Updates once in 120 minutes ( parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS )
325 Subs / Cell
SDCCH reservation time for Location Update = 7 sec = 1,94 mErl
• => 325 Calls / Cell * 1,94 mErl / Call * 1/2 = 0,31525 Erl / Cell (SDCCH)
• SMS
SMS traffic estimation 1.0 mErl / subscriber
• => 325 Calls / Cell * 1 mErl / Call = 0,325 Erl / Cell (SDCCH)
• Call Establishment, Location Update and SMS together
• 0,6305 Erl/Cell + 0,31525 Erl/Cell + 0,325 Erl/Call = 1,27075Erl/Cell (SDCCH)
• With 1% Blocking Probability ( Erlang B table ) => ~ 5 SDCCH / Cell
• Separated channel structure is possible in this case
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Paging Capacity
• Example
• Combined BCCH / SDCCH Configuration
• One Block Reserved for AGCH => 2 Blocks for PCH BTS MS
• Paged Mobile Stations per Paging_Request Message :
From 2 to 4, in Average 3
• In Average 2 Pages per Mobile Station Paging_Request
• 3 Pages/Blocks * 2 Blocks = 6 Pages every 51-frames Multiframe
( 235 ms. )
• 2 Pages / Paged MS => 3 Paged MS every 235 ms. BTS 3MS
• ( ( 3600 * 1000 ) / 235 ) * 3 = 45.957 Paged MS per Hour.
• Worst Case 2 Paging_Request
• All Transactions are Mobile Terminating
• All Cells in Location Area get the same PCH Load
• Capacity
• With one TRX 2,95 Erl.
• 25 mErl. / subs. => 120 subscribers
Capacity of PCH calculated for a Location Area
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
• In case of the congestion in SDCCH, one free traffic channel can be
changed dynamically to SDCCH/8
• When SDDCH/8 is not needed anymore it is changed dynamically back
to TCH
• In IUO case, SDCCH/8 from the regular TRX
TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
SDCCH
/8 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
SDCCH resources
• Static SDCCH resource
SDCCH resource created by O&M
BTS must have minimum static SDCCH
capacity
BCCH TRX must have a static SDCCH
resource
• Dynamic SDCCH resource
Reconfigured dynamically from TCH resource
Can originally be FR, DR or HR TCH resource
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
Reconfiguration from TCH to SDCCH
• When SDCCH allocated for immediate assignment
• In actual SDCCH congestion situation of BTS
• Reconfiguration by SDCCH channel activation command
• Placement of the SDCCH resource:
Regular TRX
A TCH RTSL of least uplink interference
A TRX with minimum SDCCH configuration
A TRX with least working channels
Priority between TCH resources: HR->FR->DR
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
Reconfiguration from SDCCH to TCH
• When the last occupied SDCCH subchannel released
• Back to original TCH configuration
• BTS reconfigures without waiting any command
Immediate start of uplink interference measurements for TCH
subchannels
• BSC reconfigures, either
to original configuration idle TCH
or, to active TCH for queuing call
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
SDCCH channel allocation
• TCH resource consumption is minimised:
Static SDCCH resource is placed first
Dynamic SDCCH resource of least free subchannels
favoured
• FACCH call set-up due to SDCCH congestion
When dynamic SDCCH is not possible to configure
When last TCH resource is taken into use
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
SDCCH capacity
• Upper limit definition for BCSU: In maximum TRX configuration 12 SDCCH
channels in TRX
• 1 - 32 TRX BCSU: Max 384 SDCCH channels in BCSU
• Max 16 SDCCH channels in TRX
• With 16 kbit/s TRXSIG
Max 12 SDCCH channels in TRX
Max 18 SDCCH+TCH in TRX (recommendation)
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
Restrictions
• Dynamic SDCCH resource is not possible to be configured at the time of
SDCCH handover
• CBCH SDCCH can not be configured dynamically
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATION
Number Of Blocks for Access Grant
BCCH/CCCH 51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f s bb bb c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c
BCCH/SDCCH/4
1 2 3
f s bb bb c c c c f s cf c c c c c c c f s tf t t t t t t t f s tf t t t t t t t f s sf s s s s s s s
NNELS f = FCCH b = BCCH t = SDCCH/4
s = SCH/SACCH c = CCCH = PCH/AGCH
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Number of Multiframes Between Paging
• # of 51 TDMA frame multiframes (2..9) between transmissions of Paging_Request
messages to mobiles of the same paging group.
• # of paging groups = noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging(2..9)*number of Paging blocks
• Page / group every 2 ... 9 * 235 ms = 0.47 ... 2.115 s
• Affects
• Battery Consumption of the Mobile Station
• Speed of Call Setups
• Mobile Subscriber determines its Paging Group based on IMSI and on the Number of
Paging Groups
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
RACH Controlling
1 RACH (Re)transmission during the window
0 0
TDMA-frames
window = numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans (3 ... 12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50)
Number of retransmission = maxNumberRetransmission (1, 2, 4, 7)
=> Total time for RACH = maxNumberRetransmission * numberOfSLotsSpreadTrans
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
CCCH Improvements (1)
AG_BLKS_RES == 0 setting
• Currently pages have always priority in CCCH blocks
• Now AGCH messages would have priority over PCH messages if
AG_BLKS=0
• Capacity can be dynamically shared between PCH and AGCH =>
better throughput for PCH especially for combined-BCCH
• For each paging group the following logic is applied:
AG_BLKS <> 0 AG_BLKS == 0
IF pages_in_buffer THEN IF agch_messages in buffer THEN
build pag_req_x build IA
ELSE ELSE
IF agch_msgs in buffer THEN IF pages_in_buffer THEN
build ImmAss build pag_req_x
ENDIF ENDIF
ENDIF ENDIF
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
CCCH Improvements (2)
Buffering improvements
• AGCH buffering capacity increased, different size for buffer in
combined and non-combined case => better burst handling
capacity
• PCH buffering capacity depends on the air-interface configuration
• Throughput also depends on the type of identity (IMSI/TMSI)
• Target is to offer configuration independed max buffering delay
for pages regardless of their type (IMSI/TMSI)
• The reason to delete an incoming paging command is not
anymore insufficient paging buffer space but that a page would
have to wait inside BTS for longer than the predefined maximum
time (5 seconds)
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CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS
Parameters Related to Signalling
Parameters Value
numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0 ... 7 (if BCCH/CCCH used)
1 ... 7 (if CBCH used on SDCCH/8)
0 ... 2 (if combined BCCH/SDCCH used)
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging 2 ... 9
maxNumberRetransmission 1, 2, 4, 7 (RACH control)
umberOfSlotsSpreadTrans 3 ... 12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50 (RACH control)
newEstabCausesSupport Y/N (FACCH set up allowed) => in the BTS
pagingAnsOnFacch Y/N
emerCallOnFacch Y/N in the BSC
ordinaryCallOnFacch Y/N
restablishCallOnFacch Y/N
Ph. 2
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