Reproduction: The
Continuity of Life
Key Questions:
Modes of Reproduction
• Asexual
• Sexual
Asexual Reproduction
1.) Single parent
2.) Offspring are genetically identical to each
other and to their parent
3.) No Internal fertilization or External
fertilization
4.) No gametes (Vegetative parts)
5.) No mixing of hereditary material
Sexual Reproduction
1.) Two parents (of different sexes)
2.) Offspring are not genetically identical to
each other and to their parent
3.) Internal fertilization or External fertilization
4.) Two different types of gametes are
involved (sperm cell and egg cell)
5.) Mixing of hereditary material
Asexual reproduction plants
• New plants from eyes
Potato tuber (underground
stem)
Preparing the soil
Plants propagated through leaflets
Kalanchoe
Asexual reproduction in plants
• Many plants reproduce asexually from their vegetative parts.
• There are many methods of asexual reproduction in plants.
Rhizomes of a ginger
Tubers of potato
Runners (Stolons) of grasses
Plantlets of kalnachoe
Bulbs of an onion
Corms of gabi
Sporulation (ferns and mosses)
Can one become two?
• Fission
• binary fission -- involves an equal
division of both the organism cytoplasm
and nucleus to form two identical
organisms-- Unicellular organisms
divides to form to identical organisms
The diagram of the
protist at the right
is example of this
Binary fission
in bacteria
Budding
2. budding -- involves one parent dividing its
nucleus (genetic material) equally, but cytoplasm
unequally—
Form from the outgrowth of the parent.
The diagram of a
yeast at the right
is an example of
this
Budding in hydra
Budding in sponges
Spore formation
3. sporulation (spore formation) -- is reproduction
involving specialized single cells coming from one
parent.
the diagram of
mold spores
being formed at
the right is an
example of this
Fragmentation &
Regeneration
Fragmentation is a
form of asexual
reproduction where a
new organism grows
from a fragment of the
parent. Each fragment Fragmentation &
regenerates into a Regeneration in
mature, fully grown Planaria
Regeneration in Hydra
Sexual reproduction
• 2 parents (male and female)
• Parents produce gametes
• Male – sperm cell
• Female – egg cell
• Fertilization – union of male and female
gametes
Conjugatio
n – a form
of sexual
reproducti
on in
unicellular
organisms
Conjugation in Spirogyra
(Green algae) The contents of one
cell pass into the
other cell through the
bridge emptying the
other cell.
The content of both
cells combine in the
other cell and form
zygote.
The zygote forms wall
around itself.
Zygote grows into a
Conjugation
in
Spirogyra
Sexual
Reproduction
in Flowering
Plants
• Structure of
Gumamela
Flower
The Female Reproductive Organs:
• The pistil is the collective term for the
carpel(s).
a. The stigma -- the pollen grains stick to this small
sticky pad
b. The style -- the pollen grains grow down through
this stem-like cylinder
c. The ovary -- this is where the young seeds wait
for the chromosomes in the pollen, and where
they grow into mature seeds
The Male Reproductive Organs
• Stamens are slender structures that hold
the pollen
They consist of two parts:
a)the anther -- a small case in which the
pollen grains form ; and
b)the filament -- a slender stem that
supports the anther
Ovary of Gumamela
Pollination: a pollen grain from the
anther lands on the stigma of the pistil.
Fertilization
Comparison of asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual Sexual
Reproduction Reproduction
How many parents are involved? (one or
two)
Do sex cells (gametes) participate? (yes
or no)
Are offspring genetically identical with
the parent/s or not? (identical or not
identical)
Offspring have combination of traits
from its parents
What is the significance of
reproduction?
Thank You for
Listening!