MOVING LOADS
Moving Loads:
The maximum moment occurs at a point zero shears.
For beams loaded with concentrated loads, the point
of zero shears usually occurs under a concentrated
load and so the maximum moment.
Beams and girders such as in a bridge or an overhead
crane are subject to moving concentrated loads,
which are at fixed distance with each other.
The problem here is to determine the moment under
each load when each load is in a position to cause a
maximum moment. The largest value of these
moments governs the design of the beam.
Single Moving Load:
𝑃𝐿
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥= 𝑃
4
The maximum moment occurs when the load is
at the mid span and the maximum shear occurs
when the load is very near the support (usually
assumed to lie over the support).
Two Moving Loads
))/4PL
For two moving loads, the maximum shear
occurs at the reaction when the larger load is
over that support.
The max moment is given as above.
Where Ps is the smaller load, Pb is the bigger
load, and P is the total load (P = Ps + Pb).
Three Moving Load:
In general, the bending moment under a particular load is a
maximum when the center of the beam is midway between
that load and the resultant of all the loads then on span.
With this rule, we compute the maximum moment under
each load, and use the biggest of the moments for the
design. Usually , the biggest of these moments occurs under
the biggest load.
The maximum shear occurs at the reaction where the
resultant load is nearest. Usually, it happens if the biggest
load is over that support and as many as possible of the
remaining loads are still on the span.
In determining the largest moment and shear, it is
sometimes necessary to check the condition when the bigger
loads are on the span and the rest of the smaller loads are
Problem 453
A truck with axle loads of 40 kN and 60 kN on a wheel base
of 5 m rolls across a 10-m span. Compute the maximum
bending moment and the maximum shearing force.
*Solution 453
R = 40 + 60 = 100kN
For maximum moment under 40 kN wheel:
=0
10 = 3.5(100)
= 35 kN
= 3.5
= 3.5(35)
= 122.5 kN.m
For maximum moment under 60 kN wheel:
=0
10 = 4(100)
= 40 kN
=4
= 4(40)
= 160 kN.m
*Thus, = 160 kN.m answer
The maximum shear will occur when the 60 kN is over a
support.
=0
10 = 100(8)
= 80 kN
*Thus, = 80 kN answer
Problem 456 Three wheel loads roll as a unit across a
44-ft span. The loads are P1 = 4000 lb and P2 = 8000 lb
separated by 9 ft, and P3 = 6000 lb at 18 ft from P2.
Determine the maximum moment and maximum
shear in the simply supported span.
Problem 455
A tractor weighing 3000 lb, with
a wheel base of 9 ft, carries
1800 lb of its load on the rear
wheels. Compute the maximum
moment and maximum shear
when crossing a 14 ft-span.
R=Wr+WfR=Wr+Wf
3000=1800+Wf3000=1800+Wf
Wf=1200lbWf=1200lb
Rx=9WfRx=9Wf
3000x=9(1200)3000x=9(1200)
x=3.6ftx=3.6ft
9−x=5.4ft9−x=5.4ft
When the midspan is midway between Wr and R, the front wheel Wf will
be outside the span (see figure). In this case, only the rear
wheel Wr= 1800 lb is the load. The maximum moment for this condition
is when the load is at the midspan.
R1=R2=12(1800)R1=R2=12(1800)
R1=900lbR1=900lb
Maximum moment under Wr
M to the left of rearwheel=7R1 M to the left of
rearwheel=7R1
M to the left of rearwheel=7(900) M To the left of
rearwheel=7(900)
Maximum moment under Wf
ΣMR1=0ΣMR1=0
14R2=4.3R14R2=4.3R
14R2=4.3(3000)14R2=4.3(3000)
R2=921.43lbR2=921.43lb
MTotherightoffrontwheel=4.3R2
MTotherightoffrontwheel=4.3R2
MTotherightoffrontwheel=4.3(921.43)
MTotherightoffrontwheel=4.3(921.43)
MTotherightoffrontwheel=3962.1lb⋅ft
MTotherightoffrontwheel=3962.1lb⋅ft
The maximum shear will occur when the rear wheel (wheel of
greater load) is directly over the support.
ΣMR2=0ΣMR2=0
14R1=10.4R14R1=10.4R
14R1=10.4(3000)14R1=10.4(3000)
R1=2228.57lbR1=2228.57lb
Thus,
Vmax=2228.57lbVmax=2228.57lb answ
er