We are what we eat!
CONNECT CLUES
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EATING
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GEST
DIGESTION
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CARBOHYDRATES
OBJECTIVES:
•differentiate ingestion, digestion, absorption,
and elimination
•identify the functions of the different organs
of the human digestive system
•realize the important role of the digestive
system in sustaining life by citing its unique
functions
•trace the path of food as it is being digested
Describe the digestive
system.
What makes-up the
human digestive system?
What are the functions of
the different organs of
the human digestive
system?
Digestive System
- breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates,
fats and proteins. They can then be absorbed into the
bloodstream so the body can use them for energy,
growth and repair. Unused materials are discarded as
feces (poo).
Nutrition
- the intake of food from
these sources and the
processes that convert
food substances into living
matter.
Holozoic Nutrition
- mode of feeding found
in animals and humans
Human nutrition involves the following
processes:
•INGESTION
•DIGESTION
•ABSORPTION
•ELIMINATION
INGESTION
-it is the process of taking food
through the mouth into the body.
Digest
ion
- It is the process of mechanical and chemical
breakdown, whereby large food molecules are
broken down into simpler molecules that can be
absorbed by the body cells.
• Food is broken down into small molecules to
nourish the cells of the body and provide
energy
MAIN IDEA: The breakdown of food into simpler
substances for use by the body is the main work of
the digestive system
Two phases:
Mechanical digestion
– involves physically
breaking the food into
smaller particles.
Chemical digestion
– involves breaking
down the food into
simpler nutrients that
can be used by the
cells.
What makes-
up the
human
digestive
system?
the different parts of the digestive system and their functions
Divided into two
main parts: 2. Accessory
1. Alimentary tract: organs:
• Mouth • Salivary
• Esophagus glands
• Stomach • Liver
• Small and • Gall
large bladder
intestines • Pancreas
• Rectum
• Anus
What is/are
the
function/s of
the different
organs of
the human
digestive
MOUTH
• Process:
• Food enters the mouth
• Lubricated and chewed
• Forms a ball-shaped mass-
bolus
Bolus is the term for food after it has been
ingested, chewed and mixed with saliva in
one's mouth. The function of bolus is
to provide a more compact package of
food that can be better swallowed.
• Swallowing pushes the bolus to the pharynx or
throat
- Salivary glands secrete
saliva, a digestive juice, which
moistens food so it moves
more easily through your
esophagus into your stomach.
Saliva also has an enzyme that
begins to break down starches
in your food (chemical
digestion)
PHARYNX
- a common passage for food and air. It is part of
the gut that leads to from the mouth to the
Esophagus and to the trachea (windpipe) by way
of the larynx or voce box.
ESOPHAGUS
• Muscular tube
• Transporting food
from pharynx to
the stomach via
wave-like
contraction called
peristalsis
STOMACH
• Muscular, elastic, pear-shaped
organ
• Located between esophagus and
small intestine
Three functions:
• Stores the swallowed food
• Mixes the food with digestive
juice it produces
• Conveys its content slowly into
the small intestine
Contraction or churning:
• Mixes the food with the
gastric juice until the food is
changed into chyme, semi-
fluid and partly digestive
food
• Back flowing of acidic chime
in the esophagus can cause
condition heart burn
Small intestine
- Small intestine makes digestive juice, which mixes
with bile and pancreatic juice to complete the
breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
- Bacteria in the small intestine make some of the
enzymes you need to digest carbohydrates.
- it moves water from the bloodstream into the
digestive tract to help break down food. It also
absorbs water with other nutrients.
Divided in 3 parts
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
Large intestine
-in the large intestine there are more
water moves from digestive tract into
the bloodstream.
- Bacteria in the large intestine help
break down remaining nutrients.
-Waste products of digestion, including
parts of food that are still too large,
become stool.
Three distinct parts:
• Ascending colon
• Transverse colon
• Descending colon
The Accessory Organs of Digestion
• Exocrine glands
• Ducts and openings
that secretes
chemical substances
into the organs
of digestion that
facilitate the digestive
process
Liver and Gall Bladder
Liver:
• largest organ in the body
• Located at the right side of the
upper abdomen
Main function:
• It makes digestive juice called bile
that helps digest fats and some
vitamins. Bile ducts carry bile
from your liver to your
gallbladder for storage, or to the
small intestine for use.
Liver and Gall Bladder
• Bile have two important
functions:
• Emulsifies fats
• Neutralizes the acidity of the
partly digested food (chime)
Gallbladder
- It stores bile between meals.
When you eat, your
gallbladder squeezes bile
through the bile ducts into
your small intestine.
Pancreas
• Yellowish, large elongated gland
located at the back of the stomach
• 18 cm long and 4 cm wide
Main function
- It makes a digestive juice that has
enzymes that break down
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
The pancreas delivers the digestive
juice to the small intestine through
small tubes called ducts.
How important is our Digestive system?
•Our digestive system breaks nutrients into
parts small enough for your body to absorb
and use for energy, growth, and cell repair.
•It closely works with the other systems of the
body like the circulatory system to get the
absorbed nutrients distributed through our
body and sustain life.
Activity: One Week Healthy Meal Plan
( 30 points)
Baon
OBJECTIVES:
•differentiate ingestion, digestion, absorption,
and elimination
•identify the functions of the different organs
of the human digestive system
•realize the important role of the digestive
system in sustaining life by citing its unique
functions
•trace the path of food as it is being digested
Assignment:
• Conduct an interview among the members
of your family at home who had
experienced any digestive disorder or
disease. Cite the cause/s, symptom/s and
treatment/s or medication/s they have
undergone.
Name of Family Member: Age:
Digestive disorder or disease: Cause/s:
Symptom/s: Treatment/s or Medication/s: