Sociology
Ms. Dilawaiz
UVAS, Lahore
Today’s Agenda
• What is Socialization?
• Definitions of Socialization
• Types of Socialization
Socialization
Socialization: is a lifelong social process of learning cultural
patterns, behaviors, and expectations.
• It refer to the lifelong social experience by which people
develop their human potential and learn culture.
Through socialization, we learn cultural values, norms, and
roles. We develop a personality, our unique sense of
who we are; a person’s fairly consistent patterns of
acting, thinking, and feeling. We build a personality by
internalizing-taking in-our surroundings. We also pass along
culture and social patterns to our children through
socialization.
Definitions of Socialization
• H.M. Johnson defines socialization as learning that
enables the learner to perform social roles.
• Peter Worsley defines socialization as the process of
transmission of culture, the process whereby men learn the
rules and practices of social groups.
• Young & Mack observe Inducting an individual into the
social world is called socialization.
• John. J. Macionies: it is a lifelong social experience by
which individuals develop their human potential and learn
culture.
Types of Socialization
There are five types of socialization.
• Primary Socialization
• Secondary Socialization
• Anticipatory Socialization
• Developmental Socialization
• Re-socialization
Types of Socialization. Cont
Primary Socialization: this is the most important and
fundamental type of socialization. This is also called basic or
early socialization. It takes place in the early years in the new
born baby. At this stage, concentration is given on language and
cognitive skills, the internalization of cultural norms and values,
establishment of emotionalties and appreciation of their roles
and perspectives.
Secondary Socialization: the process can be seen at
work outside the immediate family, in the ‘peer group’. The
growing child learns very important lessons in social conduct
from his peers. Hence socialization continues beyond and
outside the family environment.
Types of Socialization. Cont
Anticipatory Socialization: refers to the process of
adjustment and adaptation in which individuals try to learn
and internalize the roles, values, attitudes and skills of a
social status or occupation for which they are likely recruits
in the future.
Individual not only learns the culture of his groups rather he
also learns the cultures of groups to which he does not
belong. Such a process whereby men socialize themselves
into the culture of the group with the anticipation of joining
that group is referred as anticipatory socialization.
Types of Socialization. Cont
Developmental Socialization: New learning is
added to and blended with old in a relatively smooth and
continuous process of development. this kind of learning is
based on the achievements of primary socialization.
It based on already acquired skills and knowledge as the
adult progress through new situations such as marriage or
new jobs. These require new expectations, obligations and
roles. This new learning combines with old skills makes
possible developmental socialization.
Types of Socialization. Cont
Re-socialization: radically changing an inmate’s
personality by carefully controlling the environment.
Re-socialization is a two-part process:
• breaking down inmates’ existing identity.
• building a new self through a system of rewards and
punishments.
Thank You