Transformer Basic
-B. Prasad
Chartered
Engineer
amieclub@gmai
[Link]
working principle
A transformer
works on the
Faraday,s law
of
electromagne
tic induction.
A transformer
consists of a
laminated
magnetic
core.
Transformer parts
Winding
Type of transformer
Distribution Indoor
Power. Outdoor
Control. Oil type
Auto. Dry type
Isolation. Core type
Instrument Shell type
potential. Natural cool
Instrument Forced air/water
current cool
Distribution transformer
Primary Secondary Capacity Construction Impedance
voltage voltage (KVA) range
3-11 380-440 25,40,63 Dry type 3-7%
100,150,250 Dry type
300,400,500 Oil/dry type
630,750,1000 Oil type
1250,1600 Oil type
2000,2500 Oil type
Star delta connection
Star delta diagram
Star delta voltage current
Line voltage on Primary side = √3 X Phase voltage on
Primary side. So
Phase voltage on Primary side = Line voltage on
Primary side / √3
Transformation Ration (K) = Secondary Phase
Voltage / Primary Phase Voltage
Secondary Phase Voltage = K X Primary Phase
Voltage.
As Secondary in delta connected:
Line voltage on Secondary side = Phase voltage on
Secondary side.
Secondary Phase Voltage = K X Primary Phase
Voltage. =K X (Line voltage on Primary side / √3)
Advantages of Star Delta
Connection
The Y-D connection has no problem with
third harmonic components
fewer numbers of turns are required
The neutral available on the primary can
be earthed to avoid distortion.
Neutral point allows both types of loads
(single phase or three phases) to be met
Large unbalanced loads can be handled
satisfactory
Disadvantages of star delta
The secondary voltage is not in phase with the
primary
If secondary of this transformer should be paralleled
with secondary of another transformer without
phase shift, there would be a problem
Application:
commonly employed for power supply transformers.
Y connection on the HV side reduces insulation costs
the neutral point on the HV side can be grounded.
use with this connection is to step down the voltage
Tap changer
It is a device fitted
in the
transformer,
which is used to
vary the voltage
transformation
ratio.
Off load tap
changer
On load tap
changer (OLTC)
BUSHING
Transformer Bushings
are specially
designed electrical
terminals for taking
out winding ends
(leads) through the
openings provided on
the top cover or wall
of the of transformer
tank and connecting
to the incoming and
outgoing lines.
CT =CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
Typical specification for
a 11 kV CT
System voltage:11 KV
Insulation level voltage
(ILV) : 12/28/75 kV
Ratio: 200/1 - 1 - 0.577 A
Core 1: 1A, metering, 15
VA/class 1, ISF<10
Core 2: 5A, protection, 15
VA/5P10
Short time rating:20 kA
for 1 second
PT=POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER
Typical specification for a 11 kV
VT
System voltage: 11 KV
Insulation level voltage (ILV) : 12
/28/75 kV
Number of phases: Three
Vector Group: Star / Star
Ratio: 11 kV/ 110 V
Burden: 100 VA
Accuracy: Class 0.5
Voltage Factor: 1.2 continuous and
1.5 for 30 seconds With provision
for fuse
Condition For Parallel
Operation Of Transformers
Same voltage and Turns Ratio (both primary
and secondary voltage rating is same)
Same Percentage Impedance and X/R ratio
Identical Position of Tap changer
Same KVA ratings
Same Phase angle shift (vector group are
same)
Same Frequency rating
Same Polarity
Same Phase sequence
TRANSFORMER OIL
FILTRATION
Impedance Levels
Based kVA Minimum Impedance, %
0 – 150 Manufacturer’s standard
151 – 300 4
301 – 600 5
601 – 2,500 6
2,501 – 5,000 6.5
5,001 – 7,500 7.5
7,501 – 10,000 8.5
Above 10,000 9.5
Oil and winding temperature
indication
Description Setting, degree C
Fan start 85
Fan stop 75
Pump start 90
Pump stop 80
Oil temperature alarm 85
Oil temperature trip 95
Winding temperature 100
alarm
Winding temperature 110
Transformer protection–
Over current & Short circuit (51):
The relay used is CDAG 51.
Earth Fault (51N): The relay used is CAG 14.
Transformer Differential (87T): The relay used is
DTH 31, 11/6.6KV transformers.
WTI (49WTX/49WAX): protected against increase
in winding temperature. The relay used is VAA 34.
OTI (49TX/49AX): protected against increase in oil
temperature. The relay used is VAA 34.
Buchholz (63TX/63AX): protected against
internal. The relay used is VAA 34.
ACT FAST AND INITIATE
FIRST
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----धीरूभाई अम्बानी
THANK YOU