DISASTER/
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
Baguio City Fire Station
Training Team
E EMERGENCY PROCEDU
“All the thieves in the world cannot take
all your belongings but it could raze it to
the ground in 5 minutes time!”
FIRE
It is frequently referred to as
“rapid oxidation with the
evolution of light and heat.”
Is a chemical reaction between a
flammable or combustible
material and oxygen.
Is the chemical union of heat,
fuel and oxygen produced in the
proper proportions.
Elements of Fire
Fire Tetrahedron
CLASSES OF FIRES
Fires are classified into different classes
for purposes of identification
CLASS A FIRES
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous
material, such as wood, paper,
cloth, rubber and some plastics.
CLASS B FIRES
Flammable or combustible liquids
and gases such as gasoline,
kerosene, paint, paint thinners,
propane and acetylene
CLASSES OF FIRES
CLASS C FIRES
Energized electrical equipment, such
as appliances, switches, panel boxes
and power tools.
CLASS D FIRES
Certain combustible metals, such as
magnesium, titanium, potassium and
sodium.
CLASS K FIRES
Involves Combustible Cooking
Media, such as: Vegetable or Animal
Oils and Fats.
CAUSES OF FIRE DEATHS
1. Inhalation of Toxic Fumes
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- Hydrogen Cyanide (HCn)
2. Insufficient Oxygen ( Asphyxia)
3. Effects of Heat (Hyperthermia)
4. Bronchial and Pulmonary Swelling (Edema) with
Blood Congestion (Hyperemia)
5. Ventricular Fibrillation
6. Backdraft or Smoke Explosion
PRINCIPLES OF FIRE PREVENTION AND
CONTROL
Prevent the Outbreak of Fire
Provide for Early Detection of Fire
Prevent the Spread of Fire
Provide for Prompt Extinguishment
Provide for Prompt and Orderly Evacuation
TOP CAUSES OF FIRE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Faulty/Overloaded Electrical System
Open Flames and Candles
Neglected Electrical Appliances/Devices
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Smoking and Matches
Lightning
Spontaneous Combustion
Friction
Welding and Cutting Sparks
FIRE PREVENTION PRACTICES
Correct all defective wiring systems
Never Overload a power outlet
Unplug all appliances that are not in use
Never bypass fuses or circuit breakers
Never play with matches or lighters
Always keep stoves that use LPG’s in good condition
Practice safe storage of chemicals and flammable
substance
Smoke only in designated smoking areas
FIRE PREVENTION PRACTICES
Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe work
practices
Maintain office sanitation and proper housekeeping
Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked,
lighted and free from any obstruction
Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire extinguishers
and other fire fighting equipment.
Practice fire drills should be held in order to
familiarize responsibilities should a real fire occur.
In case of FIRE……….
Activate appropriate alarms.
Stay calm and do not panic. Alert others in your
area.
Evacuate as directed by your supervisor to your
designated evacuation area.
Never use an elevator during a fire. Always use the
stairwell.
If there is smoke in the room, stay low; hold a wet
clothe over your mouth and nose; and only break
windows as last resort.
In case of FIRE……….
If door is hot, don’t open it. Use an alternate door if
one is available and safe to use.
Close all doors as you leave. Do not lock them.
If trained to use a fire extinguisher, and the fire is in
the incipient stage, you may attempt to extinguish
the fire. REMEMBER that your own safety is of
primary concern.
Never attempt to put out a fire alone.
The principles of fire extinction consist of the
elimination or removal of one or more of the elements
of fire.
COOLING
Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN
AND SEAL
DISCHARGE LEVER
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
CARRYING
extinguishers) HANDLE
DISCHARGE HOSE
DATA PLATE
CYLINDER or
BODY
DISCHARGE NOZZLE
DISCHARGE ORIFICE
TWO TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Cartridge type
Stored Pressure Type
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
FIRE EXTINGUISHER OPERATION
P ull the locking pin
A im Nozzle at base of flame
S queeze the discharge lever
S weep Fire side to side
Evacuation Drill
To Familiarize, train and rehearse the occupants
with evacuation procedures so that order and
control is maintained in actual emergency
To determine if emergency escape facilities are
sufficient for orderly evacuation of all occupants.
General Evacuation Procedure
When you hear an alarm, stop all activities and
prepare to evacuate as directed by your supervisor.
Proceed promptly to the nearest emergency exit .
Walk quickly, but DO NOT run.
Do not use elevators, instead use stairways to
reach the ground level.
Exit the building and proceed directly to the
designated safe assembly area. Safe assembly
area should be generally be away from the
building, upwind and out of the way of incoming
emergency personnel.
General Evacuation Procedure
Remain in the safe assembly area location so that
the supervisory personnel may conduct a survey to
account for all building personnel. Do not disperse
or move to other assembly locations.
Do not re-enter the building until the emergency
response team leader has deemed it safe and
supervisory personnel have given permission to
back into the building.
…Thank You…….
for
Listening…..