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Overview of the Circulatory System

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells, removing waste, and maintaining homeostasis, consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Animals can have simple or complex circulatory systems, with complex systems being either open or closed, and blood traveling through pulmonary and systemic circuits in a double loop system. The heart has four chambers and functions to pump blood, with blood pressure measured by the force of ventricular contractions.

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9 views19 pages

Overview of the Circulatory System

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells, removing waste, and maintaining homeostasis, consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Animals can have simple or complex circulatory systems, with complex systems being either open or closed, and blood traveling through pulmonary and systemic circuits in a double loop system. The heart has four chambers and functions to pump blood, with blood pressure measured by the force of ventricular contractions.

Uploaded by

reagan.onsongo
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CIRCULATORY

SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
 Transports oxygen and nutrients to the
cells

 Transports carbon dioxide and other


waste for elimination from the body

 Maintains homeostasis of the body cells


3 MAIN PARTS
1. Heart

2. Blood

3. Blood vessels – arteries and veins***


 Veins: carry blood back to the heart
 Arteries: carry blood from heart to body
tissues (when you take your pulse, you
are checking one of these sights)
 Capillaries: smallest blood vessels that
connect the veins and arteries
SIMPLE VS. COMPLEX
ANIMALS
 Simple animals do NOT have a
circulatory system. The exchange
of materials and waste occur by
diffusion across the main body
cavity and cells.
 Example: Cnidarians

 Complex Animals have either an


open or closed circulatory system.
OPEN CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
 The
heart pumps blood into open-
ended blood vessels.

 Theblood is pumped from the


heart, through the vessels, and it
“bathes” the tissues

 Example: Grasshopper (Insects)


CLOSED CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
 Thehearts pumps the blood only
through blood vessels which carry
the blood to all the body tissues
and then back to the heart.

 Examples: Annelids, Mammals


Open & Closed Circulatory
Systems
Hearts Heartlike structure

Small vessels in tissues

Blood Heart
vessels

Sinuses
and organs
Blood
vessels
Heartlike
structures
Insect: Annelid:
Open Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System
Fish has a Amphibian Mammal
2 has a 3 has a 4
chambere chambered chambered
d heart heart heart

SINGLE LOOP VS. DOUBLE LOOP


SYSTEM
2 CIRCUITS THAT BLOOD
TRAVELS
(DOUBLE LOOP SYSTEM)
1. PULMONARY CIRUIT: A short loop where
blood is carried between your heart and
lungs. In your lungs the blood absorbs
oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Then
the oxygenated blood returns to the
heart.***

2. SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT: Carries oxygenated


blood to all other body cells then the
blood releases oxygen to the cells and
picks up carbon dioxide and other wastes
and returns to the heart.

Your heart is basically 2 pumps, one for each


circuit.
Fish has a Amphibian Mammal
2 has a 3 has a 4
chambere chambered chambered
d heart heart heart
CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUR
HEART
 It is about the size of your fist.
 It is located beneath the sternum and
near the center of your chest.
 It is a hollow organ with thick walls
made of cardiac muscle.
 It is surrounded by a double walled sac
called the pericardium.
 It has 2 sides separated by a thick wall
called a septum.
 It has 4 chambers.
Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart: a closer look

Superio
r

Pulmona Aortic
ry
Tricuspid Mitral

Inferio Septum
r
PARTS OF THE HEART AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
 The atria (right atrium and left atrium)
are at the top of the heart and the
RECEIVE blood.
 The Ventricles (right ventricle and left
ventricle) are at the bottom of the
heart and the PUMP BLOOD OUT.
 Valves keep the blood moving in the
correct direction.
 The right side of the heart carries the
deoxygenated blood.
 The left side of the heart carries the
oxygenated blood.
Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview

Flow of blood through the


heart:
Deoxygenated blood 
right atriumright ventricle
pulmonary arterypulmonary
vein
left atriumleft ventricle
aortabody
BLOOD PRESSURE
 Caused by the force with which the
ventricles contract.
 Measured with a sphygmomanometer
(blood pressure cuff)
 A healthy adult should have a blood
pressure of 120/80
 Top number is systolic pressure, the
force felt in the arteries when the
ventricles contract
 Bottom number is diastolic pressure, the
force felt in the arteries when the
ventricles relax.
BLOOD
COMPONENTS
 55% PLASMA (a straw colored fluid)
 45% Blood Cells

 Plasma
 90% water
 10% dissolved minerals

 Blood cells
 Red blood cells- transport oxygen and get
their color from hemoglobin (an iron
containing protein)***
 White blood cells- fight disease
 Platelets- help in blood clotting
Watch This…
[Link]
Figure 42.14 The composition of mammalian blood

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