AURORA HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH ACADEMY

Deemed-to-be University
(Estd. u/s. 03 of UGC Act 1956)
Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana - 500 098.
[Link]
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Course Name:
Year:
BASIC Corse Code:
F. Y. B. Tech
ELECTRICAL EE101
(AIML/CSE(DS))
ENGINEERING

Dr. Rajashekher Koyyeda

M. Tech ,Ph. D

Associate Professor 1
 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits

 Analysis of Ac supply through Series RL, Circuits.

 Analysis of Ac supply through Series RC Circuits.

 Analysis of Ac supply through Series RLC Circuits.

No of Lectures : 03 hrs
2
 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Analysis of Ac supply through Series RL, Circuits.
A circuit that contains a pure resistance R ohms connected in series with a
coil having a pure inductance of L (Henry) is known as RL Series Circuit.
When an AC supply voltage V is applied, the current, I flows in the circuit.
So, IR and IL will be the current flowing in the resistor and inductor
respectively, but the amount of current flowing through both the elements
will be same as they are connected in series with each other. The circuit
diagram of RL Series Circuit is shown below:

Where,
VR – voltage across the resistor R
VL – voltage across the inductor L
V – Total voltage of the circuit

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Phasor Diagram of the RL Series Circuit:

The following steps are given below which are followed to draw the phasor
diagram step by step:
 Current I is taken as a reference.
 The Voltage drop across the resistance
VR = IR is drawn in phase with the current I.
 The voltage drop across the inductive reactance VL =IXL is drawn ahead of
the current I. As the current lags voltage by an angle of 90 degrees in the
pure Inductive circuit.
 The vector sum of the two voltages drops VR and VL is equal to the applied
voltage V.
 Now, In right-angle triangle OAB
 VR = IR and VL = IXL where XL = 2πfL

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Phasor Diagram of the RL Series Circuit:

where

Z is the total opposition offered to the flow of alternating current by an RL

Series circuit and is called impedance of the circuit. It is measured in ohms
(Ω).
Phase Angle:
In RL Series circuit the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees angle known as
phase angle. It is given by the equation:

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Power in R L Series Circuit:
If the alternating voltage applied across the circuit is given by the equation:

The equation of current I is given as:

Then the instantaneous power is given by the equation:

Putting the value of v and i from the equation (1) and (2) in the equation (3)
we will get

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Power in R L Series Circuit:
The average power consumed in the circuit over one complete cycle is given
by the equation shown below:

Waveform and Power Curve of the RL Series Circuit:

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Analysis of RC Series Circuit:
A circuit that contains pure resistance R ohms connected in series with a pure
capacitor of capacitance C farads is known as RC Series Circuit. A sinusoidal
voltage is applied and current I flows through the resistance (R) and the
capacitance (C) of the circuit.

Where,
VR – voltage across the resistance R
VC – voltage across capacitor C
V – total voltage across the RC Series circuit

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Phasor Diagram of RC Series Circuit:
The following steps are used to draw the
phasor diagram of RC Series circuit

• Take the current I (r.m.s value) as a reference

vector
• Voltage drop in resistance VR = IR is taken in phase with the current vector
• Voltage drop in capacitive reactance VC = IXC is drawn 90 degrees behind
the current vector, as current leads voltage by 90 degrees (in the pure
capacitive circuit)
• The vector sum of the two voltage drops is equal to the applied voltage V
(r.m.s value).
Now, VR = IR and VC = IXC Where XC = I/2πfC
In right triangle OAB,

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Phasor Diagram of RC Series Circuit:

Where,
Z is the total opposition offered to the flow of alternating current by an RC
series circuit and is called impedance of the circuit. It is measured in ohms
(Ω).
Phase angle: From the phasor diagram shown above, it is clear that the
current in the circuit leads the applied voltage by an angle ϕ and this angle is
called the phase angle.

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Power in RC Series Circuit
If the alternating voltage applied across the circuit is given by the equation

Then,

Therefore, the instantaneous power is given by p = vi

Putting the value of v and i from the equation (1) and (2) in p = vi

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Power in RC Series Circuit
The average power consumed in the circuit over a complete cycle is given by:

Where cosϕ is called the power factor of the circuit.

The waveform and power curve of the RC circuit

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Analysis of RLC Series Circuit
As all the three elements R, L, and C are connected in series so, the current flowing
through each element of the circuit will be the same as the total current I flowing in
the circuit.
In the RLC Series circuit
XL = 2πfL and XC = 1/2πfC
When the AC voltage is applied
through the RLC Series circuit
the resulting current I flows through
the circuit,
and thus the voltage across each element will be:

VR = IR that is the voltage across the resistance R and is in phase with the current
I.
VL = IXL that is the voltage across the inductance L and it leads the current I by an
angle of 90 degrees.
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VC = IXC that is the voltage across capacitor C and it lags the current I by an angle
 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Phasor Diagram of RLC Series Circuit:
The phasor diagram of the RLC series circuit when the circuit is acting as an
inductive circuit that means (VL>VC) is shown below and if (VL< VC) the
circuit will behave as a capacitive circuit.
Steps to draw the Phasor Diagram of the RLC
Series Circuit:
•Take current I as the reference as shown
in the figure above
•The voltage across the inductor L that is VL
is drawn leads the current I by a 90-degree
angle.
•The voltage across the capacitor c that is Vc is drawn lagging the current I by
a 90-degree angle because in capacitive load the current leads the voltage by
an angle of 90 degrees.
•The two vector VL and VC are opposite to each other.
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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Phasor Diagram of RLC Series Circuit:

Where,
It is the total opposition offered to the flow of current by an RLC Circuit and is
known as Impedance of the circuit.
Phase Angle:
From the phasor diagram, the value of phase angle will be

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Power in RLC Series Circuit:
The product of voltage and current is defined as power.

Where cosϕ is the power factor of the circuit and is expressed as:
The three cases of RLC Series Circuit:
• When XL > XC, the phase angle ϕ is positive. The circuit behaves as RL
series circuit in which the current lags behind the applied voltage and the
power factor is lagging.
• When XL < XC, the phase angle ϕ is negative, and the circuit acts as a
series RC circuit in which the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees.
• When XL = XC, the phase angle ϕ is zero, as a result, the circuit behaves
like a purely resistive circuit. In this type of circuit, the current and voltage
are in phase with each other. The value of the power factor is unity.

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 Module.05 Analysis of Single Phase AC Circuits
Impedance Triangle of RLC Series Circuit:
When the quantities of the phasor diagram are divided by the common factor
I then the right angle triangle is obtained known as impedance triangle.

when (XL > XC) is shown below when (XC > XL) is shown below

Lagging nature leading nature

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Thank
You 18