GEOMETRIC
DESIGNS
is a brand of computational geometry
deals with the construction and representation
of free-form curves, surfaces or volumes and is
closely related to geometric modeling.
(applications) shipbuilding, aircraft, and
automotive industries, as well as architectural
design
geometric models can be built for objects of
any dimension in any geometric space.
1
GEOMETRIC
DESIGNS
both 2D and 3D geometric models are
extensively used in computer graphics.
2D models are important in computer
typography and technical drawing
3D models are central to computer-aided
design and manufacturing, and many applied
technical fields such as geology and medical
image processing.
2
Geometric Shapes
• defined as figures closed by a boundary which is
made by combining the definite amount of
curves, points, and line segments.
• any structure, open or closed, having a definite
shape and properties made up of lines, curves
and points.
o (examples)square, rectangle, circle, cone,
cylinder, sphere, etc.
o All these shapes have some properties that
make them unique and different from the 3
other shapes.
Types of Geometric Shapes
• two dimensional/2D shapes
flat structures with 2
dimensions
• three dimensional/3D:
solid structures with 3
dimensions
Types of Geometric Shapes
Circle: Oval
• can be made by • a 2D shape, similar to
tracing a curve that an egg
is always the same • no straight lines and
distance from a point vertices
called Center. • has one flat face,
• the distance around a which does no self-
circle is called the intersect at any point.
circumference of the
circle.
Types of Geometric Shapes
Triangle:
• formed by 3 straight lines that are called sides.
• there are different ways of classifying triangles:
according to their sides or angles.
o Right Triangle: one of the interior angles is
90°
o Acute Triangle: triangles in which each angle
is acute, or less than 90 degrees.
o Obtuse Triangle: any one of the angles is an
obtuse angle or more than 90°
o Equiangular: all 3 angles have the same
measures
Types of Geometric Shapes
Triangle:
• formed by 3 straight lines that are called sides.
• there are different ways of classifying triangles:
according to their sides or angles.
o Equilateral Triangle: All 3 sides have the same
lengths.
o Isosceles Triangle: It has 2 (or more) sides that are
equal length. (An equilateral triangle is also an
isosceles).
o Scalene Triangle: No 2 sides are of equal measure
Types of Geometric Shapes
Rectangle:
• has 4 sides
• distinguishing characteristics of a rectangle is
that all 4 angles measure 90 degrees.
• 2 opposite] sides are of equal lengths
Rhombus:
• has 4 equal sides
• It is a quadrilateral with four equal sides. Its
opposite sides are parallel, and opposite angles
are equal.
Types of Geometric Shapes
Square:
• it is a two-dimensional closed shape with 4 equal
sides and 4 vertices.
• opposite sides are parallel to each other
Trapezoid:
• has 4 sides.
• has 2 sides that are parallel(opposite sides) but
the other 2 are not.
TYPE OF Cylinder
GEOMETRIC - A cylinder is a shape that has twp
DESIGN identical circular flat ends.
Sphere
- A sphere is a shape that looks like a
Cube ball.
- A cube is made up of six
squares of equal sides. Hemisphere
- A hemisphere is a shape that is half
a sphere.
Cuboid
- A cuboid is a shape that Cone
is formed by six rectangles. - A cone is a shape that has a flat
circular base and a pointed edge at
the top called the apex.
AREA PERIMETER
Area is the region occupied by Perimeter is total distance
a perimeter. covered by the boundary of a
Area is measured in square shape.
Perimeter is measured in
units (
units (m, cm, in, feet, etc.).
Example: Area of rectangular Example: Perimeter of a
ground is equal to product of its rectangular ground is equal
length and breadth. to sum of all its four
boundaries, i.e, 2 (length +
breadth).
Shape Area Perimeter
Circle
Triangle
Square
Rectangle
Parallegram
Shape Surface Area
Cube
Rectangular prism
Cylinder
Cone
Sphere
Hemisphere
TRANSFORMATI
ONS
T RA N S F O R M AT I O N S
- In geometry, transformation - Transformation could be
refers to the movement of rigid and non-rigid. These are
objects in the coordinate plane. the basic rules which are
Geometric transformations followed in this concept. To
involve taking a preimage and transform 2d shapes, it is an
transforming it in some way to easy method
produce an image
C AT E G O R I E S TYPES OF
OF T RA N S F O R M AT I O N
T RA N S F O R M AT I O N
- The rigid transformation, • TRANSLATION
which does not change the • REFLECTION
shape or size of the preimage. • ROTATION
- The non-rigid transformation, • DILATION
which will change the size but
not the shape of the preimage.
T RA N S L AT I O N
- is when we slide a
figure over a line.
- moving an object in
space without changing
its size, shape or
orientation.
REFLECTION
- is when we flip a figure
over a line.
- flipping an object
across a line without
changing its size or
shape.
R O TAT I O N
- is when we rotate a
figure a certain degree
around a point.
- rotating an object
about a fixed point
without changing its size
or shape.
D I L AT I O N
- is when we enlarge or
reduce a figure.
- expanding or
contracting an object
without changing its
shape or orientation.