Module 2
[Link] of Hydraulic Fluids
[Link] Power Symbols
Properties of Hydraulic Fluids
• Good lubricity
• Chemical and environmental stability
• Fire resistant
• Foam resistant
• Low density
• High degree of incompressibility
Properties of Hydraulic Fluids
• Compatibility with system material
• Suitable viscosity
• Good heat transfer capability
• Nontoxicity
• Low volatility
Properties of Hydraulic Fluids
• High Fire point & Flash point
• High Viscosity Index
• Low Pour point
• Good Demulsification property
• Inexpensive
• Readily available
Fluid Power Symbols
Symbol Groups
Circles/Semi Circles Rectangles and Squares Diamonds
Circles/Semi-Circles
Circles generally represent devices that can deliver or use oil.
Unidirectional Bi-directional Bi-directional Unidirectional Semi Rotary
Fixed Fixed Fixed Variable Actuator
Displacement Displacement Displacement Displacement
Hydraulic Pump Hydraulic Pump Hydraulic Motor Hydraulic Pump
Three Types of Pump
Gear Pump Vane Pump Piston Pump
Notice that the symbol does not describe the component construction. Symbols describe
component functions only.
Diamonds
Symbols in diamonds condition the oil in some way. Heating, cooling, filtering etc.
Filter Cooler Heater
The Hydraulic Power Pack and
Symbols
The power pack produces the flow of oil (and consequently the pressure) for
the hydraulic system.
M Electric Motor
Pump
Tank Filter
Rectangles and Squares
Rectangles and squares are generally used to represent components that direct and
control oil in some way.
Valves can be:
One Position Two Position Three Position
Usually control.
Relieving or
Directing the flow
controlling
of oil to various
pressure and flow
positions.
for example.
Direction Arrows
Arrows Can Indicate:
Flow in One Flow in Two Rotation Variability
Direction Directions
Arrow at 30 or 60 degrees
through a component that can be
varied.
Valves Ports
Valves Can Have Various Ports:
Two Ports Three Ports Four Ports
Blocked Port
Valve Classification
Valves Can Commonly be Classified as:
Two Port/Two Position Three Port/Two Position Four Port/Two Position
Directional Control Valve (2/2 Directional Control Valve (3/2 Directional Control Valve (4/2
DCV) DCV) DCV)
2/2 Wegeventil Sperr 3/2 Wegeventil Sperr 4/2 Wegeventil
Ruhestellung Ruhestellung
Four Port/Three Position
Directional Control Valve (4/3
DCV)
4/3 Wegeventil
The 4/3 DCV
Symbol
Bosch Solenoid Operated 4/3 DCV Cut Away
4/3 DCV
Valve Body
Solenoid
Spool (Schieber) Solenoid
Coil
Various 4/3 Centre
Configurations
All Blocked Semi Open Centre Semi Open Centre
(Pump Side) System Side)
Y h H
The 4/3 DCV Controlling a
Linear Actuator (Cylinder)
Symbol Operation
Imagine the symbol moving from right to left as the valve is
operated.
The system connections stay in position.
The symbol represents the spool position of the valve.
Valve Actuators
The Valve Actuator Moves the Spool to its Various
Positions:
Pilot (Oil Pressure) Lever Spring
Roller Push Button Solenoid
A 3/2 Lever/Spring DCV
Actuators
Actuators Can Be:
Linear, Single Acting Linear, Double Acting
Oil pressure extends Oil pressure extends
the cylinder. The load the cylinder and
retracts the cylinder. retracts the cylinder.
Or Rotary
Cylinder Cushioning
Annular End Piston Rod
Full Bore End
Cushion Symbol
Variability
Cushion Illustration
The cushion slows the cylinder down just before it hits the back (or front) of
the cylinder.
Other Common Components
Spring Restrictor Check
Valve
Used to return some Used to control the flow Allows oil in one
valve spools to a known of oil. direction only.
position.
Control Valves
Control Valves Control Pressure and Flow
Relief Valve Pressure Reducing Valve Restrictor With Check Valve
Pressure Relief Valves are primarily Pressure Reducing Valves are used to Restrictors are used to control oil flow
used to set the maximum system set the maximum system pressure at and thus actuator and system speeds.
pressure. the valve outlet. The valve gives a
controlled pressure output lower than
the inlet pressure.
Pressure Controlling Valves Flow Controlling Valve
Relief Valve Symbol Operation
Low
High
Pressure
Pressure
Counter Balance valve for vertical &Ram type
cylinders & Sequence Valve
Accumulator Symbols
END