Communication

Process Model

Atta Ur Rehman Jadoon

Context

Source/ Sender
Components of
Message
Communication
Channel/ Medium

Receiver

Interference
Environment
• Physical Surroundings:
• Size of the room
• Light or its absence
• Cleanness and colors
• Psychological
Surroundings
• Relationships of the
communicators, their
feelings, attitudes,
mood and
perceptions.
Context
• Situation &
circumstances under
which the
communication takes
place
• We don’t say same
things the same way in
different contexts.
• Context and
environment affect
Source/Sender
• Person who MESSAGE
ENCODING
creates a message
and determines
what is to be SENDER
communicated.
• Encodes it into a
message
• Chooses a channel
and sends the
message.
Message ENCODING
Hi, Maria. Do you want to
grab a burger with me at
McDonald’s after university?
I always see Maria

• A stimulus
hanging out with
friends at
MESSAGE
McDonald’s.
produced by the
source that affects
the receiver. SENDER
• Can be intentional
or not
• May contain or no
words,
movements,
expressions,
sounds etc.
 The environment, the context, and the
feelings of the receiver are constantly
changing; therefore, the same words will
always be perceived differently.

SENDER RECEIVER
 Hi, Maria. Do you want
Channel/Medium
ENCODING to grab a burger with
me at McDonald’s after
I always see Maria university?
• Can be oral or hanging out with
friends at
MESSAGE
written words, McDonald’s.

gestures, smells,
touches, tastes SENDER
• Often the impact
produced by any
given message can
vary depending on
the source that was
chosen to convey it.
CHANNEL
 Hi, Maria. Do you want
ENCODING to grab a burger with
Receiver me at McDonald’s after
I always see Maira university?
hanging out with
friends at
MESSAGE
• Receives the McDonald’s.

message RECEIVER
• Analyzes and SENDER
interprets
(Decoding) the
message in
order to
understand the
meaning
CHANNEL Salma told me
that Javed has
a notes of MT
101 and he did
not share with
me.

DECODING
 ENCODING
MESSAGE
Feedback I always see Maria
hanging out with Hi, Maria. Do you want to grab a
friends at burger with me at McDonald’s
McDonald’s. after university?
• Response to a
message that
the receiver SENDER RECEIVER
sends to the
source.
• Makes the
CHANNEL
communication Salma told me
that Javed has
a notes of MT
a really shared No thanks, Javed. I promised to 101 and he did
not share with
cook dinner for my family,
process. tonight.
me.

FEEDBACK DECODING
 ENCODING
MESSAGE
I always see Jane
hanging out with Hi, Maria. Do you want to grab a
friends at burger with me at McDonald’s
McDonald’s. after university?

SENDER RECEIVER

E
C CHANNEL
REN Salma told me
that Javed has
FE a notes of MT
T ER No thanks, Javed. I promised to 101 and he did
IN cook dinner for my family, not share with
me.
tonight.

FEEDBACK DECODING
As Maria gave feedback to John, he got another
call.
Interference
• Stops a message
from getting to its
source successfully
• Can happen
anywhere on the
model/anytime
during the process.
• External:
• Fire alarm
• Internal: As Maria gave feedback to John, he got
• Daydreams another call.
 The Communication Process
ENCODING
MESSAGE
I always see Maria
DECODING
hanging out with Hi, Maria. Do you want to stop by
Culver’s for a burger after Salma told me
friends at
that Javed has a
Culver’s. university?
notes of MT 101
and he did not
share with me.

SENDER RECEIVER

CHANNEL
Whoa, she’s
old! I didn’t No thanks, Javed. Um, I I’d better let
even realize
promised to cook dinner for my him down
that she’s easy…
married! family tonight.
DECODING FEEDBACK ENCODING
Communication Process in Action
Aliza wants to remind her husband, Amjad, to stop by the
store after work and buy milk for dinner. She forgot to ask
him in the morning, so Aliza texts a reminder to Amjad:
“Remember the Milk”. He texts back with a photo of milk
at store and then shows up at home with a gallon of milk
under his arm. But something's amiss: Amjad bought
chocolate milk when Aliza wanted regular milk. Aliza did
not see the photo of the milk because the message didn't
transmit and Amjad didn't think to ask what kind of milk.
Watch a Video
The Power of Communication - Your Key to Success in a
Changing World
Enhancing Team Communication
in an Engineering Project
The Bridge That Never Was
Once upon a time, in a small, picturesque town
nestled in a valley, there was a community divided
by a fast-flowing river. The only way to reach the
other side was a rickety old wooden bridge that had
been in use for generations. It was a vital link for the
town's residents, especially for daily commutes and
emergency services. Where the
The town's civil engineers recognized the urgent communication
need for a new, modern bridge. They decided to breakdown began
embark on a project to replace the aging structure
with a safer, more efficient one. The project was
approved, and funding was secured from the
government.
The project involved multiple teams: the civil
engineering team responsible for the design and
construction, the environmental assessment team,
and the local government officials who would oversee
the project.
• As a result of this communication breakdown, the civil engineering team
went ahead with the cable-stayed bridge construction, believing it was the
best choice. However, the environmental assessment team and government
officials, feeling unheard and uninformed, began to raise concerns about the
project's environmental impact and its cost, leading to delays and budget
overruns.
• The project, initially intended to be a symbol of progress for the town,
became a symbol of miscommunication and inefficiency. It took years to
complete the bridge, and the town's residents faced hardships during the
construction period.
• In the end, the story of "The Bridge That Never Was" serves as a cautionary
tale about the importance of effective communication in civil engineering
projects. It highlights the need for clear, accessible, and inclusive
communication among all stakeholders to ensure successful project
outcomes.
 Case Study: Communication
Breakdown in an Engineering Project
Reference
• The Mathematical Theory of Communication by Claude
E. Shannon and Warren Weaver