Laying Out Page # 1

 Process of scribing or marking center

points, circles, arcs, or straight lines
– Indicates shape of finished object
– Amount of material to be removed
– Position of holes to be drilled
 Layouts made from an established
baseline
 Layouts of two types: basic and
precision
Layout Solutions Page # 2

 Layout very important to accuracy of

finished product
 Surface of metal coated with layout
solution to make layout lines visible
 Surface should be clean and free of
grease
 One primary type of solution available
Types of Solutions Page # 3

 Layout dye or bluing

– Most common
– Available as a liquid or aerosol
– Quick-drying, good sharp
background
– Layout cleaning solution available
• Replaces dangerous solvents
previously used
 Page # 4
Types of Solutions

 Latex (White, Flat) Paint

– Used for cast-iron castings
– Easy to apply and easily covered
with finish paint
 Chalking
– Mixture of lime and alcohol
– Used for castings and hot-rolled
steel
• Readily clings to rough surface of
castings
 Page # 5
Engineering Metrology
and Instrumentation
 Measurement Standards
 Line-graduated Instruments
 Measuring Straightness, Flatness,
Roundness and Profile
 Coordinate Measuring and layout
Machines
 Gaugess
 Optical Instruments
 Automated Measurement
 Geometric Dimensioning and
Tolerancing
 Page # 6
Engineering Metrology

 Measurement of dimensions
– Length
– Thickness
– Diameter
– Taper
– Angle
– Flatness
– profiles
 Page # 7
Engineering Metrology

 Postprocess Inspection
 In-process, on-line, real-time inspection
 Dimensional Tolerances
– The smaller tolerancehigh cost, but
more accurate
 Page # 8
Measurement Standard
 Inch, foot; based on human body
 4000 B.C. Egypt; King’s Elbow=0.4633
m, 1.5 ft, 2 handspans, 6 hand-widths,
24 finger-thickness
 AD 1101 King Henry I yard (0.9144 m)
from his nose to the tip of his thumb
 1528 French physician J. Ferneldistance
between Paris and Amiens
Measurement Standard Page # 9

 1872, Meter (in Greek, metron to

measure)- 1/10 of a millionth of the
distance between the North Pole and
the equator
 Platinum (90%)-iridium (10%) X-shaped
bar kept in controlled condition in
Paris39.37 in
 In 1960, 1,650,763.73 wave length in
vacuum of the orange light given off by
electrically excited krypton 86.
Measurement Standard
Page # 10

 Sensitivity (Resolution); the smallest

difference in dimensions that the
instrument can detect or distinguish
 Precision; the degree to which the
instrument gives repeated
measurements of the same standard
(sometimes called accuracy)
 Standard measuring temperature 20 0C
 Instrument, Gauges
Other Measurements Page # 11

 Straightness; Knife edge, dial indicator,

autocollimator (like a telescope with a
light beam that bounces), Optical
(transits and laser)
 Flatness; dial indicator, precision steel
square, interferometry (if not flat, light
fringes are curved)
 Roundness;
– V-block with dial Gauges, read
TIR(total indicator reading)
– Circular tracing; platform rotates
Other Measurements Page # 12

 Profile
– Template, profile Gauges to check
shape conformity
 Measuring screws and gear teeth
– Threaded plug Gaugess, screw-pitch
Gaugess (similar to radius Gaugess),
micrometer with cone shaped points,
snap Gaugess
 Optical contour projector
 Coordinate measuring machines
 Page # 13
Steel Rule
 Use:- for linear measurement and
marking.
 Material:- spring steel or stainless
steel.
 Graduation:- in 10mm, 5mm,
1mm and 0.5mm in metric
system. The reading accuracy of
the steel rule is 0.5mm.
 Size:- available in 150mm,
300mm & 600mm.
 Steel Rule Page # 14

 Metric steel rules graduated in

millimeters and half-millimeters
– Linear measurement without great
accuracy
– Lengths from 15 c. to 1 m.
 Factional steel rules graduated in
common binary fractions (1/8 – 1/64 in.)
– Several varieties (spring-tempered,
flexible, narrow, and hook)
– Lengths range from 1 to 72 in.
 Fractional Steel Rules
Page # 15

 Spring-tempered quick reading 6 in. rules

– Most frequently used in shop work
 Hook rules
– Used to make accurate measurements
from edge
of workpiece and also flanges and
circular pieces
– Use for setting inside calipers to a
dimension
 Decimal rules
– Used for linear measurements smaller
than 1/64 in.
Fractional Steel RulesPage # 16
 Short-length rules
– Used to measure small openings and
hard-to-reach locations
– Five small rules in set: range between
¼ and 1 in.
 Measuring Page # 17

Lengths
Fairly accurate measure with steel rules
– Butt end of rule against shoulder or
step
 Steel rules become worn with constant
use
– Can make measurements taken from
end inaccurate
– Compensate by measuring from 1-in or
1-cm mark and subtracting 1 from
measurement
 Keep edge of rule parallel to edge of work
 Rule used as straightedge to test flatness
Try Square Page # 18

 Use:- to check the squareness

of machined surface, flatness
Blade
of surface, make lines at 90º to
the edge of work pieces & to
set work piece at right angle
90º on work holding device.
 Material:- hardened steel.
 Size:- available in 100mm,
150mm & 200mm.
Stock  Types:- 1. Fixed try square
2. Adjustable
try square
 Try Square Page # 19

What Is It ?
A try square is a woodworking tool with a
wooden body and a metal blade. The blade
is at right angles to the body and the tool is
made to a high degree of precision. You can
be sure the right angle is exactly 900.
What Is It Used For ?
A try square has two main purposes.
Firstly it can be used to check if two surfaces
are at right angles to each other.
Secondly, when marking out a joint or a cut,
a try square can be used to mark a line at
right angles to an edge.
 Squar Page # 20

es
 Used to lay out lines at right angles to
machined edge, test accuracy of
surfaces that must be square, and set
up work for machining
 Adjustable squares - for general work
 Solid square: beam and blade
– Used where greater accuracy required
 Master squares
– Used to check accuracy of other
squares
Squar Page # 21

es
 Engineers` Square Page # 22

What Is It ?
An engineers` square is a metalwork tool
used to mark out lines at right angles to an
edge on metal.
Engineers` Square Page # 23
What Is It Used For ?
The square is pushed against a straight
side of the material (e.g. steel). An
engineers scriber is then used to scratch
a line onto the surface of the metal at
right angles to the edge. Sometimes
engineers blue (a dye/ink) is wiped onto
the surface first so that the scratched
line can be seen easily. The material is
Look cut
then closely
downat to an
this engineers`
straight [Link],
you should see an interesting feature.
There should be a small slot that has
been cut into the stock. This prevents
ENGINEERS SQUARE
small burrs caused by filing from
altering the try-squares accuracy. Dirt
can also collect on metal surfaces, again
the slot helps prevent measuring angles
inaccurately.
In the example seen opposite, the
engineers` square is used to test that a
900 angle exists across the edge of the
steel. Although a burr exists on the edge
of the steel it fits into the slot and does
Combination Square Page # 24

 Three different heads

 Square head: used to layout or test 90 or
45 degree angles
 Protractor head: used to test measure or
layout angles within one degree of
accuracy
Combination Square Page # 25

 Center Head: Used to locate and layout

centers of round or square stock
 Set is used for work which does not
require extreme accuracy.
The Combination Set Page # 26

 Used extensively in layout work

 Consists of steel rule, square head,
bevel protractor and center head
The Combination Set Page # 27

 Steel rule fitted to other three parts

 Square head Used to lay out angles at
45º and 90º and parallel to edge lines
 Bevel protractor used to lay out and
check various angles (0º to 180º)
– Accuracy is ± 0.5º
 Center head forms center square when
mounted on rule
– Used for locating centers of ends of
round , square, and octagonal stock
 Bevel Gauge Page # 28

What Is It ?
A bevel gauge is a
woodworking tool with a
wooden body and a
metal blade. The metal
blade has a slot which
allows it to rotate and to
run along a slot. A brass
wing nut acts as a clamp
so that the metal blade
can be set at a
particular angle to the
body then locked at that
Bevel Gauge Page # 29

What Is It Used For ?

A bevel gauge has two main purposes.
Firstly it can be used to check if two
surfaces are at a particular angle to each
other. Secondly, when marking out a joint
or a cut, a bevel gauge can be used to
mark a line at a particular angle to an
edge.
 Caliper Page # 30
 CALIPER:- Calipers are simple measuring
instrument used to transfer
measurement from steel rule to objects
and vice versa. They are made from
tools steel or high carbon steel.
Outside Caliper
[Link] joint caliper:- In the cage
of firm joint caliper, both legs
are pivoted at one end. To
take measurement of a work
piece, the caliper is opened
roughly to the required size.
Fine setting is done by
tapping the caliper lightly on
 Outside Page # 31

Caliper
2. Spring joint caliper:- For this
Spring type of caliper, the legs are
assembled by means of a
Pivot pivot loaded with a spring. For
opening and closing the
caliper legs, a screw and nut
are provided.
Spring joint caliper have
the advantage of quick
setting. The setting made will
not change unless the nut is
Adjusting turned. The size of caliper is
specified by its length, which
Unit is the distance between the
 Inside Caliper Page # 32

[Link] Caliper:- This caliper is used to

measure the inside dimensions like the
width of slots, diameter of holes, etc. Legs
of this caliper are bent in outward direction
as shown in figure beside.
 Inside Page # 33

4. Odd legCaliper
Caliper:- This caliper is also known as Jenny
caliper or Hermaphrodite caliper or leg and point
caliper. They are used for marking lines parallel to
inside and outside edges, locating the centre of round
bars, drawing parallel lines along outer edges,
scribing lines along curved edges.
 Page # 34
Odd Leg And Other
Odd Leg Calipers are used to draw lines on
Calipers
metal parallel to an edge. They do the
same job in metalwork as a marking
gauge does in wood. The bent leg runs
along the side of the metal and the
pointed leg scribes the line.
 Inside Calipers Page # 35
Inside Calipers are used to measure the
diameter of the inside of a hole in a piece of
metal. You can see them being used in the
photo above. Once the size is gauged, the
distance between the points on the calipers
is measured with a rule.
Outside Calipers Page # 36

Outside Calipers are used to measure the

outside diameter of round objects. The
points are opened and closed by turning the
nut.
Hermaphrodite Page # 37

Calipers
 One curved leg and one straight leg with
scriber point
 Used for laying out
lines parallel to an
edge and locating
center round or
irregular-shaped stock
 For parallel lines hold
scriber at 90º to edge
Divider Page # 38

 Use:- for scribing circles,

arcs and transferring and
stepping of distances.
 Material:- tool steel or high
carbon steel.
 Size:- 50mm to 200mm.
 Divider Page # 39

• For the correct location and

setting of the divider legs, prick
punch marks of 30º are used.
• Both the legs of the divider
should always be of equal
length.
• Dividers are specified by the
type of their joints and length.
• The divider point should be kept
sharp in order to produce fine
Firm Joint
lines. Frequent sharpening with
an oil stone is better than
sharpening by grinding.
Divider Page # 40

WHAT ARE THEY ?

Dividers are a
Metalwork marking out
tool. They look and
behave a lot like
compasses. They have
two legs which are
hinged and can open
and close by rotating a
small nut. Instead of a
point and a pencil,
Dividers have two
points. Both points are
 Divider Page # 41

What Are They Used For ?

Dividers are used to mark out shapes onto
sheet metal. They are used just like
compasses to scrape circles and arcs onto
the metal.
They work best if a small indent is placed on
the sheet metal using a centre punch for
one of the legs to rest in.
Dividers and Trammels
Page # 42

 Dividers used for scribing arcs and circles

on layout and transferring measurements
 Spring divider most common
– Circles in sizes from 3 to 12 in
 Adjustable Trammel
– Consists of beam on which two
sliding or adjustable heads with
scriber points are mounted
– Can do larger circles
 Page # 43
Punch
 Use:- Punches are used in order to
make certain dimensional feature of
the layout permanent.
 Material:- They are made of high carbon
steel.
 Types:- 1. Centre punch(90º)
2. Dot punch(60º)
3. Prick punch(30º)
Punch Page # 44

1. Centre Punch:- The

angle of the point is
90º. The punch mark
made by this is wide
and not very deep. This
punch is used for
locating hole. The wide Centre Punch
punch mark gives a
good seating for
starting
[Link] the drill.
Punch:- The angle
of the point is 60º.
This punch is used for
marking witness Dot Punch
marks.
Punc Page # 45

h
[Link] Punch:- The Prick Punch
angle of the point is
30º. The 30º point
punch is used for
making light punch
marks needed to
position dividers. The
divider leg will get a
proper seating in the
punch mark.
Prick Punches and Page # 46

Center Punches
 Difference only in angle of point
 Prick punch ground to angle of 30º to
60º
– Used to permanently mark location of
layout lines
 Center punch
ground to 90º
– Used to mark
location of centers
of holes
Centre Punch Page # 47

What Is It ?
A centre punch is a metalworking tool
which is used to produce a small dent in
metal which acts as a starting point for
any hole to be drilled.

Square section striking head with knurled body and polished ends. Manufactured
from carbon steel hardened and tempered.
Centre Punch Page # 48

What Is It Used For ?

A ball pein hammer is used to tap the head
of the centre punch and this delivers
enough force to the point of the punch to
put a small dent into the surface of the
material.
It is important to have the material
supported underneath by a solid surface.
Nail Punch Page # 49

What Is It ?
A woodwork tool, made from metal with a small
dimple on the pointed end. It gets struck with a
What Is It Used For ?
hammer.
In any finished model, you would want to hide
the heads of any nails or pins which have been
used to hold the parts in place while it is being
glued.
After the nails have been driven in, a nail punch
is used to drive their heads a few millimetres
under the surface. The hole that is left can then
be filled with wood filler so that there is no
evidence the nail is there.
The small dimple on the end of the nail punch
Layout Lines Page # 50

 After scribed on workpiece, are

sometimes permanently marked by
means of layout or prick-punch marks
– Ensures layout line location visible
should line be rubbed off through
handling
– Intersection of circle centerlines prick-
punches then enlarge with center
punch
 Automatic center punches produces
uniform spacing of marks
Layout Accessories Page # 51

 Angle plate and toolmaker's clamp

– Used when lines are required on face
of plate
– Possible to scribe intersecting 90º lines
accurately
Layout Accessories Page # 52

 Parallels
– Used to raise work piece and maintain
work surface parallel to top of surface
plate
Layout Accessories Page # 53

 1-2-3 and 2-4-6 Blocks

Layout Accessories Page # 54

 V-blocks
– Used to hold round work for layout and
inspection
Layout Accessories Page # 55

 Keyseat rules and keyset clamps

– Used to draw lines parallel to axis of
shaft
Scriber Page # 56
 Use:- scribe lines to indicate the
dimensions of the work piece to be filed or
 machined.
Material:- They are made of high carbon
 steel.
Types:- 1. Single ended 2. Double
ended 3. Knife edge 4. Off-
set. 1. Single ended:- This scriber
is also known as Hand
scriber. Point is made on
one side only. Knurling is
made on the body of this
scriber. It is used for general
marking purposes.
Scriber Page # 57

2. Double ended:- This scriber has one point

each at both ends. One of which is bent at
90º, another point is kept straight. Centre
portion of body is knurled for better
gripping. This scriber is used mainly in
accordance
Straight with scribing block.
Point

Grip

Bent
Point
 Scriber Page # 58

3. Knife edge:- This scriber has one point

each at both ends. One of which is knife
edge, another point is kept straight.
Centre portion of body is knurled for
better gripping. This scriber is used mainly
[Link] plasticPoint
Off-set:- and wood
of thisworking
scriber
is made offset to facilitate
the marking of minimum
height and to set zero when
used with Vernier Height
Gauge.
 Scriber Page # 59

 Have hardened steel point(s) and on

some one end bent at angle for hard-to-
reach places
 Point must always be sharp
– Honed frequently on fine oilstone
 Knife-edge scribers used for extremely
fine lines
 Scriber Page # 60

What Is It ?
A scriber – this one is double ended
although they can be single ended.
Scriber Page # 61

What Is It Used For ?

It is basically used as a pencil when
marking out in metalwork. If a pencil or pen
was used to mark out in metalwork, the
lines would easily rub off. The scriber
scores a more permanent line on the
surface of the metal which is easier to work
with.
 Scribing Page # 62

Block
 Use:- It is used for ;
- Scribing lines parallel to a datum surface.
- Setting job on machines parallel to a
datum surface.
- Checking the height and parallelism of
jobs, setting
- jobs concentric to the machine spindle

 Types:-
1. Fixed scribing block
2. Universal scribing block.
 Fixed Scribing Page # 63

Block
1. Fixed Scribing Block:- The fixed type
surface gauges consists of a heavy flat
of

base and a spindle, fixed upright, to which

a scriber attached with a snug and a
clamp nut.
Scriber

Snug
Nut

Spindle

Base
 Universal Scribing Page # 64

Block
2. Universal Scribing Block:-
This surface gauge has the
following additional Spindl Scribe
e r
features; Snug
- The spindle can be set to
Nut
any position.
Fine
- Fine adjustments can be Base adj.
screw
made quickly.
- Can also be used on
cylindrical surfaces. Guide Rocker arm
- Parallel lines can be Pin

scribed from any datum

edge with the help of guide
pins.
Surface Page # 65

Gauges
Consists of
base,
spindle, and
scriber
Used on
surface
plate to scribe
parallel
Some havelinesa V-
groove
machined in the
base, which
allows them to
be used on
 Angle Page # 66

Plate
 Use:- To support the job and to provide a
vertical or angular plane for marking.
 Material:- Angle plates are made from Cast
iron or Steel.
 Types:-
1. Solid Angle plate
2. Adjustable Angle Plate
3. Box Angle plate.
Angle Plate Page # 67
Solid Angle Plate:- This angle plate is
most common. It has the two plane
surfaces perfectly machined at 90º to
each other. Such angle plates are suitable
for supporting work pieces during layout
work. They are comparatively smaller in
size. Slots are provided to clamp the work
piece and to reduce the weight.
 Angle Page # 68

Plate Angle Plate:- This angle

Adjustable
plate is available to support job in
different angles. Graduations are marked
on it to set the job at particular angle.
Slots are provided on it to clamp the job
by clamping bolts. They are available in
Grade-I and Grade-II
 Angle Page # 69

Plate
Box Angle Plate:- They have
applications similar to those of other
angle plates. After setting, the work can
be turned over with the box enabling
further marking out or machining. This is a
significant advantage. This has all the
faces machined square to each other.
 Surface Page # 70

 Use:-Plate
Surface plates are used most widely
as a datum surface in machine shop
 work.
Material:- Gray cast iron and Granite.
 Specification:- Cast iron surface plates are
designated by their length, breadth,
grade and the Indian Standard number.
i.e. C.I. Surface plate 2000 X 1000 Gr1.
I.S. 2285.
Surface Plate Page # 71

TOP

Heavy
Ribs

3 Point
suspension
BOTTOM
Hammers & Mallets Page # 72

What Are They Used For ?

Obviously, hammers and mallets are used
for hitting things but there are certain
situations which demand a particular type
of hammer or mallet be used.
 Hamme Page # 73

rs
Inserting and shaping metal rivets is done
using Cross Pein and Ball Pein hammers. A
Claw hammer is a good general purpose
hammer although it has a claw
specifically designed for the removal of
bent nails from wood.

RUBBER MALLET

CROSS PEIN HAMMER

CLAW HAMMER NYLON MALLET

Hammers & Mallets Page # 74

MALLETS
When materials need to be driven in or
knocked together and they are soft
enough to be easily damaged, the solution
is usually to use a Mallet instead of a
Hammer. There are a wide range of
materials used to make the heads of
Mallets ; Rubber, Plastic (Nylon), Wood,
Copper etc. The most common type of
Mallet found in the workshop is a Hide
(Leather) Mallet.
Micrometer Page # 75

The micrometer is a precision measuring instrument used

by engineers. Each turn of the ratchet moves the spindle
face 0.5mm towards the anvil face. The object to be
measured is placed between the anvil face and the spindle
face. The ratchet is turned clockwise until the object is
‘trapped’ between these two surfaces and the ratchet
makes a ‘clicking’ noise. This means that the ratchet cannot
be tightened any more and the measurement can be read.
 Micrometers Page # 76

Types
Outside Micrometer
Inside Micrometer
Depth Micrometer
Micrometers Page # 77

Types
Vernier Micrometer
Digital Micrometer
Dial Micrometer
 MICROMETER
SCREW GAUGE
Page # 78
1. metre
Example :
VERNIER To find the
2.
CALIPERS centimetre
thickness of a
3. millimetre
Example : paper
4. kilometre
To measure the
Use to
internal &
measure
external length
very small Units commonly
value
used
Use to measure LENGTH
the internal and
external diameter Instruments
of object used 1. Metre rule
2. Measuring
Use to measure tape
Use to
longer length 3. Vernier
measure
caliper
short length
MEASURING 4. Micrometre
TAPE screw gauge
RULER
Example : Example :
Length of a door Width of a book
 Vernier Caliper Page # 79

Inside
jaw
Locking nut

Main scale
Tail
Vernie Roller
r
scale
Outside
jaw
Vernier Caliper Page # 80

1. Vernier caliper is used to measure the:

a) the external diameter of an object
b) the internal diameter of an object
c) depth of a tube
2. It is used to measure length to the
nearest 0.01 cm
or 0.1 mm
Types Of Vernier Caliper
Page # 81

1. Basic vernier
caliper

2. Long Jaw vernier

caliper
Types Of Vernier Caliper
Page # 82

3. Knife Edge vernier caliper

4. Chiesel Shape vernier caliper

Types Of Vernier Caliper
Page # 83

Dial readout

Thumbwheel for
adjustment.

Digital readout.

Both of these models have direct readout capability.

No calculations are necessary.
Measuring a Workpiece
Page # 84

 Remove all burrs from workpiece

 Clean surface to be measured
 Open jaws enough to pass over work
 Close jaws against work and lock right-
hand clamp screw
 Turn adjusting screw until jaws just touch
work surface
 Lock clamp screw on movable jaw
 Read measurement
Angular MeasurementPage # 85

 Circles are divided into 360 equal parts,

each being a degree.
 Each of these degrees can be evenly
divided into 60 equal parts. These parts
are called minutes.
 These minutes can be evenly divided into
60 equal parts. These parts are called
minutes.
Angular MeasurementPage # 86

 1 Circle = 360 Degrees ( 360° )

 1 Degree ( 1° ) = 1/360th of a Circle

 1 Degree ( 1°) = 60 Minutes ( 60' )

 1 Minute ( 1' ) = 1/60th of a Degree

 1 Minute ( 1') = 60 Seconds ( 60" )

 1 Second ( 1" ) = 1/60th of a Minute
Angular MeasurementPage # 87

 The unit of degree can also be divided

into either decimal or fractional parts and
is referred to as decimal degrees or
fractional degrees respectively.

 1½ Degree = 1.5 Degree ( 1.5°)

 87¼ Degrees = 87.25 Degrees ( 87.25° )

Angular MeasurementPage # 88

 Minutes and seconds can each be

expressed as decimal or fractional
degrees.

 1 Minute ( 1' ) = 1/60th of a Degree =

0.01667°

 1 Second ( 1" ) = 1/60th of a Minute =

0.01667'
Angular MeasurementPage # 89

Change 5°25' to decimal degrees

Divide the minutes by 60

25 divided by 60 = 0.4167

Add 0.4167 to 5 =
5.4167°
5°25' = 5.4167°
Angular Measure Tools
Page # 90
Angular MeasurementPage # 91

• Most common tools

• Simple Protractor
• Multi-Use Gauges
• Combination Set
• Universal bevel protractor
• Sine bar
• Sine plate
Protractor Page # 92

Whole degree increments

Multi-Use Gauges Page # 93

Pre-set positions for

45 and 90 degrees,
59 degree drill point
angle, and whole
degree increments.
Multi-Use Gauges Page # 94

Pre-set position for 90 degrees.

Multi-Use Gauges Page # 95

Pre-set position for 45 degrees.

Multi-Use Gauges Page # 96

Measuring 59 degree drill point

angle.
Combination Set Page # 97

Protractor

Whole degree increments

Transfer-type Page # 98

Protractors
Page # 99
Page # 100
Page # 101
Feeler Gauges Page # 102
Feeler Gauges Page # 103
 A feeler gauge is a simple tool used to measure
thicknesses. It is mostly used in engineering to
measuring the clearance between two parts..
 Taper & Parallel feeler gauge is a feeler gauge of
tapered, as opposed to parallel, shape.
 Exact thickness strips of metal or wire
 Used to measure between two objects to exact
size

CHECKING VALVE TAPPET LASH

Feeler Gauge Thickness
Page # 104

HALF THE THICKNESS OF A

PIECE OF PAPER (.002”)
CAN BE ADDED TOGETHER

ER
PAP
E OF
P IEC
O F A 4”)
0
N ESS (.0
I CK
TH
Safety Page # 105

 The thin feeler gauges can be

sharp
 They tear easily
Maintenance Page # 106

KEEP CLEAN & DRY

KEEP LIGHTLY OILED

TO PREVENT RUSTING
DURING STORAGE
Feeler Gauge Variations
Page # 107

ANGLED FEELER GAUGES

STEPPED FEELER GAUGES
GO NO-GO FEELER GAUGES

TIP .002” SMALLER THAN BODY

Spark Plug (Wire) Feeler Gauges
Page # 108
Why A Wire Feeler Page # 109

Gauge For A Used

Spark Plug

NEW

N C OR R ECT
I
WORN
CORRECT
Radius Gauge Page # 110
 A radius gauge is a tool used to measure the radius of an
object.
 A radius gauge, also known as a fillet gauge, is a tool used to measure
the radius of an object.
 Radius gauges require a bright light behind the object to be measured.
The gauge is placed against the edge to be checked and any light
leakage between the blade and edge indicates a mismatch that requires
correction.
 A good set of gauges will offer both convex and concave sections, and
allow for their application in awkward locations.
 Thread Pitch Gauge Page # 111

 It used to quickly determine the pitch of

various threads by matching the teeth on
the leaves with teeth on the work.
Thread Plug Gauges Page # 112

 Tool is used in production environment

as a “Go” “No-Go” inspection tool
Thread Ring GaugesPage # 113

 Tool used in a production environment

as a “Go” “No-Go” inspection tool
Vernier Height Gauges
Page # 114

 Used for layout on parts

 Used as an inspection tool for
measurement or with a test indicator
to Gauges diameters and/or
cylindricity
Ring Gauges Page # 115

 Is used to check the diameter of

cylindrical parts.
Telescoping Gauges Page # 116
 Tool is a comparison instrument
 Needs a direct instrument to determine
size
 Tool is used by “feel”
Taper Gauges Page # 117

 Used to visually Gauges a tapered hole

 Tool is a comparison instrument
Snap Limit Gauges Page # 118

 Tool is a comparison instrument and

must be setup with a master or direct
reading instrument
 Used in a production environment as a
“Go” “No-Go” inspection tool
Small Hole Gauges Page # 119

 Tool is a comparison instrument

 Needs a direct instrument to determine
size
 Tool is used by “feel”
 Page # 120
Sheet Metal & Wire
Gauges
 Used to determine sheet metal and wire
thickness by “feel”
 Tool is a comparison instrument used
by “feel”
Gauges Block Set Page # 121

 Used to setup tooling and/or comparison

instruments
 Also used to calibrate direct reading
measuring tools
Dial Bore Gauges Page # 122

 Used to not only Gauges diameter of a

hole but will show eccentricity, taper
and indentations
 Tool is a comparison instrument and
must be setup with a master or a direct
reading instrument
 Page # 123

CONCLUS ION

Thus we get the knowledge of Calipers,

Trysquare, Punch, Scriber, Marking Block,
Surface plate, Angle plate.