A HYDRAULIC BRIDGE SYSTEM AND
RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
KU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
TEAM MEMBERS – Batch 12 GUIDED by
S UDAY KIRAN 225670058L MR.N SATYA SHIVA PRASAD
CH MOUNIKA 21567T0004 Assistant Professor ( Civil )
G THIRUMALESH 21567T0006
L SRIKANTH 21567T0011
S YASHWANTH 21567T0020
L MEENAKSHI 225670042L
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Project Aim / Objectives
Merits and Demerits
Literature Review
Methodology
Materials Required
Tests on RA Concrete
Construction
Working Principle
Applications
Conclusion and Expected Results
References
ABSTRACT
"This project focuses on demonstrating a hydraulic bridge system incorporating recycled
coarse aggregate (RCA) as a sustainable material in its structural components. The initiative
aims to promote eco-friendly construction practices while addressing the dual challenges of
resource depletion and waste management in the construction [Link] hydraulic bridge
system will utilize hydraulically powered mechanisms for lifting or moving segments to
allow passage for vessels or vehicles. By replacing conventional coarse aggregates with
recycled ones sourced from demolished concrete and construction waste, the project seeks
to evaluate the feasibility, durability, and cost-effectiveness of RCA in infrastructure
applications..
This study contributes to sustainable engineering practices, reducing the carbon footprint of
construction while fostering the reuse of waste materials. It highlights the potential of
recycled aggregates as a viable alternative in modern infrastructure development.
INTRODUCTION
A hydraulic bridge is a movable bridge that uses hydraulic mechanisms to enable lifting,
lowering, or rotating movements for specific purposes.
Hydraulic systems use pressurized fluid to generate the mechanical force required to
move the bridge's components.
The combination of engineering ingenuity and hydraulic principles makes these bridges
an essential component in modern transportation systems.
Types of moving bridges :
Bascule Bridge Vertical Lift Bridge Swing Bridge
To achieve sustainable issue in construction area, researchers and companies focus
on using waste concrete as a new construction material.
It is called recycled aggregate which can be produced by concrete crusher.
The aggregates are categorized by size as coarse and fine aggregate.
The characteristic of recycled aggregates could be different by its parent concrete.
AIM :
To demonstrate a hydraulic bridge system with a working model including a
hydraulic footpath in system and study of recycled aggregate concrete.
OBJECTIVES :
• To find out the % use of recycled aggregate feasible for construction
• To reduce the impact of waste materials on environment.
• To carry out different tests on recycled aggregates & natural aggregates and compare
their results.
• To Promote Sustainable and Economic methods of construction.
• To Advance Eco-Friendly Infrastructure
MERITS DEMERITS
Hydraulic Bridge system and Hydraulic Hydraulic bridge system and Hydraulic
footpath footpath
Dynamic Flexibility High Initial cost
Space Optimization and Efficiency in Maintenance Requirements
Operation Complexity in Design and construction
Adaptability to Site Conditions Hydraulic fluid leaks can cause
Improved Traffic flow environmental damage
Recycled Aggregate Concrete Limited load capacity on footpath
Sustainability and Low Impact on Recycled Aggregate Concrete
environment Reduced Mechanical Strength
Cost-Effective Higher Water Absorption
Supports Green Building Practices Limited applications
Comparable Performance with proper
processing and treatment,
LITERATURE REVIEW
Study entitled “Design and Fabrication of a Retractable Bridge” Published by Froylan Noel
Cannon Gracias in December 2017: The objective of the project was to design and build a
new type of bridge that would retract automatically to give way for ships to pass when
movement in the river or canal is picked up by a sensor on the bridge.
There are many bridge failures in the world. Bridge failure is the most concerned problem of
the engineers (Wesley Cook,Bar.& Halling, 2015; Harik, Shaaban, Gesund , Valli,& Wang ,
1990; Rodrigo, Olaria, Fernandez-Ordone, & Gomez. 2015).
Recycled aggregates (RA) are derived from processing construction and demolition waste,
such as concrete, asphalt, and masonry. Their utilization is becoming increasingly important
in sustainable construction practices, as they help reduce the demand for natural aggregates
and minimize environmental
Different individual Engineers Professors had worked on the properties of Recycled
aggregate concrete and published their research papers.
METHODOLOGY
Collection of Waste Concrete from site
Crushing, Seperating and washing of Recycled Aggregates
Design Mix Calculations
Testing Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Collection of Materials required for Hydraulic system
Construction
Base Support
Bridge Structure
Hydraulic system Installation
Working
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Cardboards
Syringes (12)
Transparent tube
Glue or Tape
Recycled aggregates
Cement
Fine Aggregate
TESTING
Tests on Recycled Aggregate Concrete
WORKABILITY TEST
Slump Cone Test
Compaction Factor Test
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
SPLIT TENSILE TEST
FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST
WORKABILITY TEST
It is performed to assess how easily fresh concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and
finished without segregation or bleeding.
Workability is a crucial property of fresh concrete and depends on factors like water content,
aggregate type, and admixtures.
Importance of Workability Testing
Ensures proper mixing, transportation, and placing.
Minimizes defects like honeycombing and segregation.
Helps maintain strength, durability, and finish quality.
SLUMP CONE TEST
The test is to determine the Workability
This test conduct using slump cone of size 10cm upper dia,20cm base dia and 30cm
height
The subsidence is measured and this value is the called slump cone value.
COMPACTION FACTOR TEST
Evaluates workability, especially for low
workability Concrete.
Concrete is allowed to fall under its own
weight into two hoppers and then into a
cylinder.
The weight of the concrete in the cylinder
is measured and compared with the weight
of fully compacted concrete.
Compacting Factor = Weight of
partially compacted concrete /
Weight of fully compacted concrete.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
This test is done to determine the Compressive strength of concrete.
Moulds size (Cube mould of 100mmX 100mm X 100mm)
Curing: 28days @ room temperature 27° +/-2° С.
Test is conducted on the cubes: after 7 days of curing
: after 28 days of curing
The test is conducted using Compression Testing Machine
SPLIT TENSILE TEST
This test determines the Tensile strength of concrete.
It is an indirect method of evaluating tensile test of concrete.
Specimen shape Is Cylindrical of size 10cm Diameter & 20cm Lenght.
This test will be performed in compression testing machine.
Test is conducted on specimens after 7 days of curing and after 28 days of
curing
FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST
Beam mould of size 10 cm x 10 cmx 50 cm is used for this test.
The test is conducted in Flexural testing machine.
The flexure strength of concrete can be calculated with the characteristics
strength of concrete.
But this is theoretical value can’t be used for major projects And important
works.
The flexural strength of concrete should be less than 4.4N/mm²
CONSTRUCTION
The base is made of a Recycled Aggregate concrete.
Pillars of the bridge each of dimensions (5×20)cm were made of cement mortar.
The deck of the vertical bridge and footpaths were made of a thin cardboard of
suitable size and placed over pillars.
Sets of hydraulic apparatus were created using syringes(2 on each side),
connected via a transparent tube filled with water.
Syringes are placed inverted under the deck slabs and the footpaths.
Sample:
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Hydraulic bridges work on the principle of Pascal’s Law.
The right and left syringes operate the respective sides of the bridge.
The bridge has 2 operational ends which 2 syringes filled with water. The bridge
is operated with push and pull action on the 2 end of the syringe.
As we push the end of the syringes, the leaf of the bridge is lifted. This is due to
the hydraulic mechanism.
As we push one end of the syringe filled with water, it transmits the water to the
other syringe on which the bridge is resting.
Due to water pressure, this syringe gets pushed, which results in lifting the leaf
of the bridge.
APPLICATIONS
Hydraulic bridges are made to allow the passage for boats or ships.
Hydraulic principle is extensively used in Hydraulic pumps in Automobile
Industry
Heavy railroad use: Vertical lift bridges are well-suited for heavy railroad use
because they can use heavier materials in the deck.
Long spans: Vertical lift bridges are stable and can be used for long spans.
Some examples of Hydraulic Bridges are:
Tower Bridge – London, England.
Gateshead Millennium Bridge – Newcastle, England
Expected Results
Smooth and efficient operation of the hydraulic system to lift the bridge.
Free flow of vehicular and pedestrian traffic
Accurate control of hydraulic components
Adequate compressive, tensile, and flexural strength comparable to
conventional concrete
Satisfactory performance in long-term durability tests, such as freeze-thaw
resistance, water permeability.
Improved mix design for optimal workability without compromising strength.
Expected Result : Achieving the maximum strength at 30 % of replacement.
References
Article in International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology ·
September 2017 - Ramadevi K
B.A Harish - 2020 IOP Conference Ser: Material Science Engineering 998
012025
International Journal for Research in Applied Sciene and Engineering
Technology
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