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Characteristics of Pure Substances in Thermodynamics

This topic provide details about the thermo dynamics report for the students that need to learn and understand . It meet the students perception on how and why it should be the substance of that reports and how it should be learned and meaningful to the students to listen and read the ppt . Also in order to try research of a topic or PowerPoint that have objectives and flow of the reports

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12 views34 pages

Characteristics of Pure Substances in Thermodynamics

This topic provide details about the thermo dynamics report for the students that need to learn and understand . It meet the students perception on how and why it should be the substance of that reports and how it should be learned and meaningful to the students to listen and read the ppt . Also in order to try research of a topic or PowerPoint that have objectives and flow of the reports

Uploaded by

Janine kyla luvmayon
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
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Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PURE SUBSTANCE

IN
THERMODYNAMICS
PURE SUBSTANCE
is a homogeneous,
incompressible, and indivisible
substance with fixed chemical
composition and properties,
unaffected by external factors.
CHARACTERISTICS
CHARACTERISTICS

1. HOMOGENEOUS:
Uniform composition throughout.
CHARACTERISTICS

2.
INCOMPRESSIBLE:
Density remains constant.
CHARACTERISTICS

3. INDIVISIBLE:
Cannot be separated into
simpler substances.
CHARACTERISTICS

4. FIXED CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION:
Constant proportion of elements.
CHARACTERISTICS

5. UNIQUE PROPERTIES:
Constant proportion of elements.
EXAMPLES

1. Water (H2O)
2. Oxygen (O2)
3. Nitrogen (N2)
4. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
5. Metals (e.g., copper, iron)
THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

1. SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY (C):


Heat required to change
temperature.
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

2. DENSITY (Ρ):
Mass per unit volume.
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

3. MELTING POINT (TM):


Temperature at which solid
becomes liquid.
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

5. LATENT HEAT (L):


Heat required for phase change.
PHASE CHANGES
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

1. SOLID-LIQUID (MELTING):

Absorbs latent heat.


THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

2. LIQUID-GAS (VAPORIZATION):

Absorbs latent heat.


THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

3. GAS-LIQUID (CONDENSATION):

Releases latent heat.


THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

4. SOLID-GAS (SUBLIMATION):

Absorbs latent heat.


IMPORTANCE
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

1. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING:

Designing processes and


systems.
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

2. POWER GENERATION:

Steam turbines, internal combustion


engines.
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

3. REFRIGERATION:
Cooling systems.
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

4. MATERIALS SCIENCE:

Understanding material properties.


KEY CONCEPTS
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

1. PHASE DIAGRAMS:

Visualize phase changes.


THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

2. THERMODYNAMIC TABLES:
List properties of pure substances.
THERMODYNAMC
PROPERTIES

3. EQUATIONS OF STATE:
Relate pressure, volume, temperature.
PHASE
CHANGE
CALCULATIONS
1. *Latent Heat (L)*: Q = mL
2. *Heat Transfer (Q)*: Q = mcΔT
3. *Specific Heat Capacity (c)*: c = Q / (mΔT)
4. *Entropy Change (ΔS)*: ΔS = Q / T
EQUATIONS

1. *Ideal Gas Law*: PV = nRT


2. *Specific heat capacity*: Q = mcΔT
3. *Latent heat*: Q = mL
THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES

1. *Density (ρ)*: ρ = m / V
2. *Specific Volume (v)*: v = V / m
3. *Internal Energy (U)*: U = Q - W
4. *Enthalpy (H)*: H = U + PV
EQUATIONS OF
STATE

1. *PVT Equation*: PV = nRT


2. *Van der Waals Equation*: (P + a/V^2)(V - b)
= RT
3. *Peng-Robinson Equation*: P = RT / (V - b) - a /
(V^2 + 2bV - b^2)
EXAMPLE
PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the latent heat of vaporization of
water at 100°C.
2. Find the specific heat capacity of copper.
3. Determine the entropy change during melting
of ice.
4. Calculate the internal energy of an ideal gas.
THANK YOU

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