Quarter 2 – Module 4:

Understanding
Typhoons
How
Typhoon
s
Develop
?
• According to Philippine Atmospheric

Geophysical and Astronomical

Services
Administration (PAGASA), there were
13 tropical cyclones that entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)
in 2019.
Philippine Area of Responsibility(PAR)
• Smallest and innermost monitoring domain, whose
boundary is closest to the Philippine Islands
• Area of the Western North Pacific

COORDINATES:
• Why Philippines is prone to tropical
cyclones?
It is because of its geographical
location which generally produce
heavy rains, flooding of large areas,
strong winds which result in heavy
casualties to human life, and
destructions to crops and properties.
1. The Philippines is surrounded by
large bodies of water
2. The Philippines is located just
above the equator.
3. The Philippines is located in the
intertropical convergence zone
Categories of Tropical Cyclones
Shows a satellite
image of super
typhoon Yolanda that
hit the Philippines on
November 8, 2013.
Do you see the clouds
in a spiral
arrangement? They
are being blown by
winds in a
counterclockwise
direction.
• The term “typhoon” is common in the northwestern
part of the Pacific.
• Within the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean
and also in the northern part of the Atlantic
Ocean, the equivalent term of typhoon is
“hurricane.”
• In the Philippines, we call all categories of tropical
cyclone as “bagyo,”
PSWS 1
1. Listen to your radio for more information about weather
disturbance.
2. Check the ability of the house to withstand strong
winds and strengthen it if necessary.
3. The people are advised to monitor the latest severe
weather Bulletin issued by PAGASA every six hours. In the
meantime, business may be carried out as usual
except when flood occurs.
PSWS 2
1. Special attention should be given to the latest
position, the direction, and speed movement as the
cyclone may intensify and move towards the locality.
2. The general public, especially people travelling by sea
and air are cautioned to avoid unnecessary risks.
3. Protect properties before signals are upgraded.
4. Board up windows or put storm shutters in place and
securely fasten it. Stay at home
 PSWS 3
1. Keep your radio on and listen to the latest news about
typhoon.
2. Everybody is advised to stay in safe and strong houses.
3. Evacuate from low-lying areas to higher
grounds.
4. Stay away from coasts and riverbanks.
5. Watch out for the passage of the "EYE" of
the typhoon.
PSWS 4

1. Stay in safe houses or evacuation

centers
2. All travels and outdoor activities should
be cancelled.
3. Keep listening to your radio to the latest
news about the typhoon.
PSWS 5

1. Stay in safe houses or evacuation centers

2. All travels and outdoor activities should be
cancelled.
 Effects of tropical
cyclone that can leave a
significant
mark on the lives of
people.
1. Strong winds (squalls)
The surface wind increases in magnitude and
is maintained over a time interval of several
minutes to half an hour. The increase in wind
speed may occur abruptly or slowly. These
changes in near landfall can lead to loss of
lives and large damage to properties
2. Tornadoes
These are produced by tropical
cyclone characterized by a violent
and destructive whirling wind
accompanied by a funnel-shaped
cloud. A weak tornado has a wind
speed of about 64-116 kph.
3. Rainfall and Flooding
Rainfall associated with tropical cyclone is both
beneficial and harmful. Rains contribute to the
water needs of the areas traversed by the
tropical cyclone. The rains are harmful when
the amount is way too large as to cause
flooding
4. Storm surge
This is an abnormal rise of water due to
tropical cyclone and it is an oceanic
event. These devastating surges occur
along coasts with low-lying
terrain.
Make sure your emergency kit
has the following items:
How Landforms and Bodies of
Water
Affect Typhoons within the
Philippine
Area of Responsibility (PAR)?
 A tropical cyclone can only form over
oceans of the world except in the South
Atlantic Ocean and the Southeastern
Pacific due to its lower air temperature.
Oceans in the tropics, and landforms in
nearby countries can affect the
formation
of typhoons.
Landforms
• Landforms affect wind directions, and therefore disrupt the
spin of a typhoon.
• . Typhoon weakens because of lack of water to supply the
needed moisture in the air. When this happens, the air
temperature drops; as the water vapor cools, fog forms, and
rain may fall on the windward side of the mountain. When the
same atmosphere descends on the other side of the mountain,
it brings a minimal amount of water vapor. A “rain shadow” or
dry climate develops on the leeward side of the mountain.
• Landforms like tall mountain ranges act as an
obstacle to traveling air masses, forcing them
to rise over the peaks. A typhoon is likely to
dissolve or decrease its wind speed when it
passes over a mountain or a mountain range.
The cold air on top of a mountain prevents the
building up of a typhoon, which needs warmer
air.
Bodies of Water
• The bodies of water help in the formation and
development of a typhoon.
• In order for a typhoon to develop

1 abundance of warm water

2. high humidity
3. optimal location
4. ocean water with a temperature of
26.5˚C, spanning
from the surface up to the depth of at
least 50 meters (160 ft).
Warm bodies of water are the main
factors in the formation of a typhoon.
The air in bodies of water is warm due to
the evaporation of water. This warm air
builds up or increases the wind speed of
a typhoon. Typhoon gains energy from
warm ocean water and loses it over cold
water.
1. What is the name of the tropical cyclone
formed in the northwestern part of
the Pacific Ocean?
A. Hurricane
B. Tornado
C. Tsunami
D. Typhoon
2. In what year did super typhoon
Yolanda hit the Philippines?
A. 2011
B. 2012
C. 2013
D. 2014
[Link] is an abnormal rise of water
due to tropical cyclone and it is an
oceanic event.
A. Strong winds
B. Flooding
C. Storm Surge
D. Tornadoes
4. What is the wind speed of severe
tropical storm?
A. 62 – 88 kph
B. more than 220
C. 118 – 220 kph
D. 89 – 117 kph
5. During a typhoon, Public Storm Warning
Signal (PSWS) is issued over the affected
area. What is the impact of the wind when
PSWS signal is 4?
A. No to light damage
B. Light to moderate damage
C. Moderate to heavy damage
D. Heavy to very heavy damage
6. What should be done after a typhoon?
A. Store sufficient amount of food.
B. Always ready with the emergency kit.
C. Keep monitoring the typhoon’s
movement.
D. Boil water before drinking as it may
be contaminated.
7. According to PAGASA, how many
typhoons entered in the Philippine Area
of Responsibility in 2019?
A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14
8. What happens to a typhoon when it
makes a landfall?
A. gets weaker
B. stays longer
C. moves faster
D. gets stronger
9. How do landforms affect typhoon?
A. no effect at all
B. increase wind direction
C. serve as a fuel to travelling air masses making
typhoon stronger
D. serve as an obstacle for travelling air masses
making typhoon weaker
[Link] statement is INCORRECT?
A. Warm bodies of ocean water are the main
source in the formation of typhoon.
B. Warm bodies of ocean water build up
increasing the wind speed of typhoon.
C. Air from surrounding areas with lower air
pressure pushes to the high-pressure area.
D. Tropical cyclone does not form in the South
Atlantic Ocean due to its lower temperature.
[Link] is NOT a factor in the formation
of a typhoon?
A. high humidity
B. warm river water
C. warm ocean water
D. optimal location of typhoon
[Link] will occur as results of tropical cyclone?
A. strong wind, light rainfall, tornado, and tsunami
B. strong wind, heavy rainfall, flood, and storm
surge
C. strong wind, heavy rainfall, storm surge, and
earthquake
D. strong wind, light rainfall, pyroclastic flow, and
earthquake
[Link] best describes leeward side?
A. Leeward side has abundant life forms.
B. Leeward side receives a lot of precipitation.
C. Leeward side has plenty of vegetation due to
abundance of precipitation.
D. Leeward side has less vegetation because
moist in the air is accumulated in the windward
side.
14. What is the difference among cyclones, hurricanes,
and typhoons?
A. Typhoons are faster than cyclones but slower than
hurricanes.
B. Cyclones are bigger than hurricanes but smaller
than typhoons.
C. Hurricanes are stronger than cyclones but weaker
than typhoons.
D. Cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons occur in
different
geographical areas.
15. What is the wind speed of PSWS
3?
A. 171-220 kph
B. 61-120 kph
C. 30-60 kph
D. 121-220 kph