VARIATIONS
(DIRECT,
INVERSE, JOINT,
AND
COMBINED)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Define the different variations (direct,
inverse, joint, and combined).
• Differentiate direct, inverse, joint, and
combined variation.
• Identify the given statement if it is
direct, inverse, joint, and combined
variation.
DIRECT VARIATION
• A direct variation is a relationship between
two variables, x and y, that can be written
as
• k is the constant of variation that relates
the two variables.
• y varies directly as x
• y is directly proportional to x
• y is proportional to x.
EXAMPLES
[Link] fare F of a passenger varies directly
as the distance d of his destination.
[Link] weight W of an object is directly
proportional to its mass m.
[Link] area A of a triangle is proportional
to its height h.
INVERSE VARIATION
• An inverse variation is a relationship between
two variables, x and y, that can be written as
• k is the constant of variation that relates the
two variables.
• y varies inversely as x
• y is inversely proportional to X
EXAMPLES
[Link] number of pizza slice p varies
inversely as the number of person n
sharing a whole pizza.
[Link] length l of a rectangular varies
inversely as its width w.
[Link] mass m of an object varies inversely
as the acceleration due to gravity g.
JOINT VARIATION
• The statement, “a varies jointly as b and c”,
means
EXAMPLES
[Link] force F applied to an object varies jointly
as the mass m and the acceleration a.
[Link] volume of a cylinder V varies jointly as its
height h and the square of radius r.
[Link] heat H produced by an electric lamp
varies jointly as the resistance R and the
square of the current I.
COMBINED VARIATION
• The statement, “z varies directly as x and
inversely as y” means , or k
EXAMPLES
[Link] electrical resistance R of a wire varies
directly as its height l and inversely as the
square of its diameter d.
[Link] acceleration A of a moving object varies
directly as the distance d it travels and
inversely as the square of the time t it
travels.
[Link] pressure P of a gas varies directly as its
temperature t and inversely as its volume V.
ACTIVITY 1: DIRECT, INVERSE, JOINT, OR
COMBINED!
Directions: For each of the following statements,
identify the type of variation involved. (direct,
inverse, joint, or combined).
1. The cost of apples is directly proportional to
the number of kilograms bought.
2. The intensity of light is inversely proportional
to the square of the distance from the source.
3. The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional
to its volume, assuming constant temperature.
4. The gravitational force between two objects is
directly proportional to their masses and
inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them.
5. The volume of a gas is directly proportional to
its temperature, assuming constant pressure.
6. The time required to complete a task is
inversely proportional to the number of people
working on it.
7. The surface area of a sphere is directly
proportional to the square of its radius.
8. The acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the net force acting on it and
inversely proportional to its mass.
9. The distance traveled is directly proportional
to the speed when the time is constant.
10. The volume of a cylinder is jointly
proportional to the square of its radius and its
height.
( WRITING
EQUATION OF
DIRECT, INVERSE,
JOINT, AND
COMBINED)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify the given that illustrates situations that
involve direct, inverse, joint, and combined
variations.
• Illustrate joint variation and demonstrates
situations where a quantity varies with two or
more quantities combined.
• Write equation for the following statements that
involve direct, inverse, joint, and combined
variations.
DIRECT VARIATION
• A direct variation is a relationship between
two variables, x and y, that can be written
as
• k is the constant of variation that relates
the two variables.
• y varies directly as x
• y is directly proportional to x
• y is proportional to x.
DIRECT VARIATION EXAMPLES:
1. The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the
distance d of his destination.
2. The weight W of an object is directly proportional to
its mass m.
3. The area A of a triangle is proportional to its height h.
4. An employee’s salary S varies directly as the number
of days d he has worked.
5. The cost C of rice varies directly as its weight w in
kilograms.
INVERSE VARIATION
• An inverse variation is a relationship between
two variables, x and y, that can be written as
• k is the constant of variation that relates the
two variables.
• y varies inversely as x
• y is inversely proportional to X
INVERSE VARIATION EXAMPLES:
1. The number of pizza slice p varies inversely as the
number of person n sharing a whole pizza.
2. The length l of a rectangular varies inversely as its
width w.
3. The mass m of an object varies inversely as the
acceleration due to gravity g.
4. The number of person n needed to do a job varies
inversely as the number of days d to finish the job.
5. The time t required to travel a given fixed distance is
inversely proportional to the speed s.
ACTIVITY: ILLUSTRATING DIRECT AND INDIRECT
VARIATIONS!
DIRECTIONS: GIVEN THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS,
TRANSLATE IT INTO EQUATION.
1. If the cost of fish (C) varies directly as its
weight (w).
2. The circumference (c) of a circle varies
directly as the length of its diameter (d).
3. The cost (c) of fish varies directly as the
number (n) of kilos bought.
4. The total cost (C) of oranges varies directly with the
number of oranges (n). If 1 orange cost P20, write the
equation for this relationship.
5. The distance d traveled by a car varies directly with
the time t. If the car travels at 50 kilometers per hour,
express this as an equation.
6. If the number of persons (p) involved to do a certain
work is inversely proportional to the time (t).
7. The force (f) needed to break a board varies
inversely with the length (l) of the board.
8. The time (t) required to empty a tank varies
inversely as the rate (r) of pumping.
9. The speed (s) of a car is inversely proportional
to the time (t) taken to cover a fixed distance.
10. The pressure (p) of a gas is inversely
proportional to its volume (v).
JOINT VARIATION
• The statement, “a varies jointly as b and c”,
means
JOINT VARIATION EXAMPLES:
1. The force F applied to an object varies jointly as the mass
m and the acceleration a.
2. The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b
and altitude h.
3. The volume of a cylinder V varies jointly as its height h and
the square of radius r.
4. The heat H produced by an electric lamp varies jointly as
the resistance R and the square of the current I.
5. The area A of a triangle varies jointly as the base b and the
altitude h.
COMBINED VARIATION
• The statement, “z varies directly as x and
inversely as y” means , or k
COMBINED VARIATION EXAMPLES:
1. The electrical resistance R of a wire varies directly as its
length l and inversely as the square of its diameter d.
2. The acceleration A of a moving object varies directly as the
distance d it travels and inversely as the square of the time t
it travels.
3. The pressure P of a gas varies directly as its temperature t
and inversely as its volume V.
4. The time t it takes to paint a house varies directly as the size
s of the house, and inversely as the number n workers.
5. The number of products p varies directly to the number of
materials needed m, and inversely as the number of products
ACTIVITY: ILLUSTRATING JOINT AND COMBINED
VARIATIONS!
DIRECTIONS: GIVEN THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS,
TRANSLATE IT INTO EQUATION.
1. If the area (A) of a rectangle varies jointly as
the base (b) and altitude (h).
2. The volume (V) of a rectangular solid varies
jointly as the product of its length (l), width (w),
and its height (h).
3. The total cost (C) of a pizza party varies
jointly as the number of pizzas (n) and the price
of pizza (p).
4. Face mask sales (A) varies jointly as the
number of persons (p) allowed to go out from
their homes and the amount of cash (c) they
have at hand.
5. The interest (I) of a loan varies jointly as the
principal (P), rate (r), and the time (t) the loan
was taken.
6. The speed (S) of a car varies directly as the
distance (d) traveled and inversely as the time
(t) taken.
7. The brightness (B) of a light bulb varies
directly as the power (p) wattage and inversely
as the square of a distance (d) from the light.
8. The volume (V) of water flowing through a
pipe varies directly as the cross-sectional area
(a) and inversely as the pipe length (l).
9. The amount (A) of electrical current varies
directly as the voltage (v) and inversely as the
resistance (r).
10. The work (W) done by a machine varies
directly as the force (f) applied and inversely as
the distance (d) over which the force is applied.