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Understanding Function Machines

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
139 views23 pages

Understanding Function Machines

Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Representing simple

Functions
LO:
• Understand that a function is a relationship where each input has a single
output
• Use functions and function machines to find outputs for one and two step
functions.
• Generate outputs from a given function and identify inputs from a given
output by considering inverse operations (linear and integers).

[Link]
Functions – What are they?

• A function is a relationship between two sets of numbers..

• Addition, subtraction, division and multiplication can all be found in


functions.

• A function requires an input (usually just a number) and it gives us


an output (a different number).

• Some functions will give us the same number as our output that we
used as our input. See if you can think of some examples through
the lesson.

Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
11 6

6 56

6 7

7 12

6 -5
Here’s how a function machine
works.

+4
Numbers go in called inputs.

+4
?
We then work on those inputs to
produce outputs.

1 5

3 ?

+4
? 9
Sometimes even us experts have a
bad day. We could really use your
help to fill in the blanks.

1 5

3 ?
7

+4
?
5 9
Functions – Examples

4 +5 9
Inputs Outputs
5 x3 15
Functions
6 ÷2 3
Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Functions – Function Machines

• We can also use function machines to help us visualise this process.

7 12
12 +5
17
9 These are my special number eating
14
. Patent
function machines…

pending.
Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Functions – Function Machines

• We can also use function machines to help us visualise this process.

7 21
12 x3 36
9 What do you think
might happen if we
27
set the machine in
reverse?
Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Functions – Function Machines

• We can also use function machines to help us visualise this process.

9 27
12 x3 36
7
This is known as
We end up with our original
numbers and the function
21
an inverse.
becomes ÷ 3.
Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Inverse Function Machines
Linking Forward and Reverse

• What do you notice happens to the


operation when a function machine is set
in reverse?
• + and – are inverse operations
If the function machine adds 2, then when it is
put in reverse it would subtract 2
• × and ÷ inverse operations
If the function machine multiplies by 10, then
when it is put in reverse it will divide by 10
Functions – Two Step

• Sometimes we might come across functions with more than one step. This is where
the function machines become quite useful, as we can split each step into its own
machine.

• For example, the function x 4 + 3 would be split in the following way.

7 31
x4 48 +3 51
12 28
36
9
Patent
What might the inverse for this function be? 39
pending!
Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Functions – Two Step

• Someone’s broken one of the displays on my function machine. ☹


• Can you help me work out what the machine does?

8
30
+2 x3
12 10
14
22 42
20 Thanks… I’ll just put this 66
sticker over it until the
fixer upper guy comes.

Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Functions – Two Step

• Another machine’s broken down. ☹


• This one’s in an even worse state than the last.

8
8
+8 ÷2
12 10
20 Thanks… I’ll pop a sticker
on this one too. Hopefully I 14
won’t have to pay too
much.

Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Worked Example Your Turn

Find the output when the input is 7 Find the output when the input is 7
INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT
+ x
x +
1 2
2 1

Find the input when the output is 7 Find the input when the output is 7
INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT
x x +
+ 2x 2 1
1 2
In each function machine, find the missing input or output as
appropriate.
INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT INPUT OUTPUT


OUTPUT
In each function machine, find the missing input or output as
appropriate.
INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT

INPUT INPUT OUTPUT


OUTPUT
Functions – Question Time 2
• Create a function machine for the following problems and then solve them:

7x2+3 8 +7÷3 6 x5÷2


6x2+3 11 + 7 ÷ 3 12 x 5 ÷ 2
9x2+3 20 + 7 ÷ 3 18 x 5 ÷ 2
11 x 2 + 3 32 + 7 ÷ 3 22 x 5 ÷ 2

Can you tell me what the inverses are for the following
functions?
+5–2 -8x4 x3+1 ÷5x3
Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Functions – Answer Time 2
• Create a function machine for the following problems and then solve them:

17 5 15
15 6 30
9 45
21
55
25 13

Can you tell me what the inverses are for the following
functions?
+2-5 ÷4+8 -1÷3 ÷3x5
Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
Class work / Home work
• Cambridge checkpoint course book 7. Solve Ex 2.3 Q #
1,2,4 [ Class work ]
• Cambridge checkpoint Practice book 7. Solve Ex 2.3 Q #
1,2,4 [ Home work]
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4 a m a nd ncti
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usin o step
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divi g addi functi ould ion o
sion tion on, t w ct
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from ould g nd
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7 to et m ver 4 b
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Keywords
Function, Function Machine, Input, Output
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followed were The definition of same answer
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Common questions

Powered by AI

Identifying inverse operations is essential when working with function machines as it enables the reversal of procedures to solve for unknown inputs from known outputs. In the context of multiplication and division, knowing these inverse operations allows for the conversion of outputs back to inputs effectively. For instance, if a function machine multiplies an input by a certain number, dividing by the same number will restore the original input. This understanding is critical in solving algebraic problems and ensuring that the transformations applied can be reversed correctly .

Function machines offer pedagogical advantages by providing a concrete, visual means to understand abstract concepts like functions and their inverses. They make it easier for students to visualize the input-output process and grasp the concept of operations being reversed. This approach helps in reinforcing the understanding of inverse operations, critical for solving equations. By allowing students to experiment with different inputs and observe outputs, function machines enhance engagement, encourage exploration, and build a deeper understanding of mathematical relationships and problem-solving strategies .

Function machines breakdown complex operations into manageable parts, which is instrumental in understanding algebraic expressions. By visualizing each operation as a step within the function machine, learners can dissect and comprehend the sequence and impact of each operation. This step-by-step approach helps clarify the order of operations and how they interrelate, leading to more effective problem-solving and a deeper understanding of algebraic relationships. For instance, a function with operations like x 5 ÷ 2 can be deconstructed, making it easier to solve for inputs or verify if the reverse operations, like multiplying by 2 and then dividing by 5, return the original input .

Two-step function machines are more challenging because they involve multiple operations that need to be executed in a specific sequence, leading to complexity in understanding the order and effect of each operation on the input. This challenge can be addressed by using clear visual representations where each step is represented separately within the machine. Additionally, practice with increasingly complex examples helps build intuition for identifying the sequence and interdependence of the operations, thus improving comprehension and problem-solving skills related to function operations .

Identifying patterns in function machines enhances problem-solving skills by enabling learners to predict outcomes based on familiar transformations and recognize consistent behaviors of functions. Pattern recognition aids in quickly deciphering the type of function or operations involved, thereby streamlining the solving process. This ability to identify patterns allows for the development of strategic approaches to tackling complex problems, reduces the likelihood of errors, and increases efficiency in mathematical reasoning .

A function machine illustrates inverse operations by showing how for every operation there is an opposite process that can return the original value. For example, if a function machine performs addition by a certain number, when set in reverse, it will subtract by the same number, and vice versa. Understanding this concept is crucial because it allows us to solve for inputs given outputs and reinforces the principle that functions can be reversed or undone by applying the inverse operation. This is fundamental when dealing with equations and solving problems which rely on finding missing values .

Using function machines for teaching inverse functions can be more effective than traditional methods due to their visual and interactive nature. Function machines clearly illustrate the process of applying an operation and its inverse, providing concrete examples for students to follow and understand. This contrasts with abstract symbolic manipulation commonly used in traditional methods, which may be harder for some students to grasp without a visual aid. Function machines engage learners by simplifying complex ideas into manageable steps, enhancing comprehension and retention of inverse concepts .

The visualization of function machines plays a crucial role in understanding functions by allowing learners to see a clear representation of how inputs are transformed into outputs. This visual tool helps in comprehending the sequential steps and operations involved in the transformation process. It also aids in recognizing patterns, understanding the effect of each operation, and simplifying complex operations into basic components. By providing a tangible representation, function machines facilitate a deeper grasp of abstract concepts and enhance problem-solving skills .

Function machines assist in understanding operations like subtraction and division by providing a structured method to visualize and simulate real-world scenarios where such operations are applied. For example, budgeting (subtraction) or sharing resources (division) can be represented through function machines, helping learners connect mathematical concepts with practical applications. This approach also aids in demonstrating the reversibility of operations, reinforcing understanding that can be applied to everyday problem-solving situations .

Two-step function machines are used to break down complex function equations into simpler, sequential operations. For example, in a function like x 4 + 3, a two-step function machine first multiplies the input by 4 and then adds 3 to the result. This breakdown not only makes it easier to compute but also to understand which part of the function affects each part of the input. To invert this process, the function would subtract 3 and then divide by 4, illustrating the utility of function machines in solving equations where compositions of functions are involved .

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