Chapter 3: Playing with

numbers

1
 Multiples
 Multiples of a 1 x 10 = 10,
number can be made 2 x 10 = 20,
by multiplying the 3 x 10 = 30,
number by any 4 x 10 = 40,
whole number. 5 x 10 = 50,
 1X12=12
6 x 10 = 60,
 2X12 = 24
and so on ...
 3 X12 =36
 4X12=48
12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72,
84, 96,108,120….are
multiples of 12
2
 Multiples
 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
45 50 55

A clock is set to ring at every 5th minute. Will it

ring 55 minutes later?

3
Multiples
 Is 12 a multiple of 3?
If you multiply 3 by 4 you get 12, so 12 is a
multiple of 3.
 Is 15 a multiple of 3?
3 x 5 = 15. So 15 is a multiple of 3, (and also
of 5).
 Is 21 a multiple of 6?
21 is not a multiple of 6 because you can't
make 21 by multiplying 6 by any whole
number.
6 x 3 = 18 and 6 x 4 = 24 but there is no
whole number between 3 and 4 that could give
us an answer of 21.
What are the first five
multiples of 13?

13 x 1 =13
13 x 2 = 26
13 x 3 = 39 13, 26, 39, 52, 65
13, 26, 39, 52, 65

13 x 4 = 52
13 x 5 = 65

5
Find the Missing
Multiples
24 30
6, 12, 18, ____, ____

___,
3 6, 9, 12, 15____, ____,
18 21

___, 24, 36, 48, 60,72 ____

12

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 6

Composite and Prime numbers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

7
Prime Numbers

A prime number is a positive integer that

has exactly two positive integer factors, 1
and itself.
 For example, if we list the factors of 28,
we have 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28. That's six
factors.
 If we list the factors of 29, we only have 1
and 29. That's two factors. So we say that
29 is a prime number, but 28 isn't.

8
Composite Numbers
 A Composite Number can be divided evenly by numbers
other than 1 or itself.
 Example: is 6 a Prime Number or Composite Number?
 6 can be divided evenly by 2, or by 3, as well as by 1 or 6:
 6=1×6
6=2×3
 So 6 is a Composite Number

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 9

Factors

 Factors are the numbers you multiply

together to get a product or a factor
is a number that exactly divides
another number without leaving a
remainder.
 12 can be written as the product of 2
12 is the
x26and
or6 are multiple of its
the factors
of 12
2 x 6factors
= 122 and
6

10
FACTORS

The factors of 12 are:

 1 x 12
 2x6
 3x4
 4x3
 6x2
 12 x 1
 12 can be divided evenly by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12:
 1 × 12 = 12
 2 × 6 = 12
 3 × 4 = 12
 So 12 is a Composite Number
 The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12

11
Factors

 For example, the product 24 has

several factors.
 24 = 1 x 24
 24 = 2 x 12
 24 = 3 x 8
 24 = 4 x 6
 So, the factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,
8, 12, 24

Class 5-Multiples &Factors, LCM &HCF 12

Divisibility rules

 A number is divisible by 2 if the last digit is

0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
 A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the
digits is divisible by 3.
 A number is divisible by 4 if the number
formed by the last two digits is divisible by
4.
 A number is divisible by 5 if the last digit is
either 0 or 5.
 A number is divisible by 10 if the last digit
is 0.
 A number is divisible by 8 if the number
formed by the last three digits is divisible
by 8.
 A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of the 13
 Writing facors

The factors of 48 are

1 x 48
2 x 24
3 x 16
4 x 12
6 x 8

Another way of writing factors

is:
Write your first pair of factors
with a reasonable space
between them, then move on
to the next pair until you have
them all.
This way, when you get to the
6,8 pair, you can stop because
7 is not a factor and you
already have 8 in your list. 14
Factorization &
Exponents
60
 60=1x6
0
60=2x3 30
2
0
60=3x2
2 15
0
60=4x1
5 3 5
60=5x1
2
15
Factorization & Prime
Factorization
60
 The factor Composite
number
pairs for 60
2
are 30
Composite
 60=1x60 number

3 10
60=2x30
60=3x20 2 5
60=4x15
60=5x12 60 is written as the product of its prime factors
60=6x10 60 = 2 x2 x 3 x 5
FACTOR TREE
 60=4x15
60
=2x2 x3 x5

4 15

2 2

3 5
Prime factorization through
short division
2 60 The prime factors of 60 are

2 30 2x2x3x5
2, 3, and 5 are all prime numbers,
3 15 so we have prime factored 60. All
5 5 we have to do now is neaten our
answer up a bit. It is customary to
1 write prime factorizations in
increasing order, that is with the
smallest numbers first.
 Prime Factorization
 Now let us try another example: 910

So the prime factorization of 910 is 2x5x7x13

19
Least common Multiple-LCM

 A cold drink truck visits Rita's neighbourhood every 4

days and Amul ice cream truck visits her neighborhood
every 5 days. For the month of June on which day will
both the trucks visit on the same day?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30

20
Least common Multiple-LCM

 In the given problem we have to first find the multiples

of both the numbers.
 Cross out the multiples that are common. (20 and 40)
 Which multiple is the least-20
 Both the trucks will visit the neighbour hood on 20 June
or after 20 days.

Truck Days of visit

1 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44,...

2 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55,...

21
Exercise -Find the LCM of 18 and 24.

Multiples of 18 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126, 144,…

Multiples of 24 24, 48, 72, 96, 120,144, ….

• Common multiples of 18 and 24 are 72

and 144
• The least common multiple of 18 and 24 is
72.
• LCM = 72
Highest Common Factor-
HCF
Find the HCF of 60 and 72

2 60 ,72 60 ,72
2
2 30 ,36 2 30 ,36
3 15 ,18 15 ,18
3
5 ,6 5 ,6
The common factors of 60
and 72 are 2 x 2 x 3
Uncommon
The HCF of 60 and 72 = factors
2x2x3=12
HCF by prime
factorization
Factors of
60
Factors of
72
LCM of 60 and 72
 To find the LCM of
60 and 72 we 2 60 ,72
multiply all the
factors. 2 30 ,36
 2x2 x3x5x6 =
3 15 ,18
336
5 ,6
 So the HCF of 60
and 72 is 12 and
 LCM is 336
 Find the HCF of 56 and 48

 Prime Factor Tree for 56  Prime Factor Tree for 48

56 48
2 24
2 28
2 12
2 14
2 6
2 7 2 3
56 is all the prime numbers 48 is the prime numbers
2 x 2 x 2 x 7 multiplied 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x3
together multiplied together
 Finding the Highest Common Factor

56 48
2
2 28 2 24
x
2 14 2 2 12
x
2 7 2 6
2
Look for common factors in both trees 2 3
Multiply them together = 8
8 is the biggest number that goes into both 56 and 48
So it is the Highest Common Factor
HCF through Prime
Factorization
 The prime factors of :
56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7
48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
The prime numbers that are common
are:
2x2x 2= 8
So the HCF of 56 and 48 is 8
 HCF & LCM as a diagram
Write the common prime 504 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 7
factors of both 504 and 700 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 x 7
700 here .
The HCF =2X 2 X 7=28

504 700
2
5
3 2 2
3 5 Write the other PRIME
7 FACTORS of 700 in the
700 circle

Write the other PRIME

FACTORS of 504 in the
504 circle

The LCM is found by multiplying all the numbers from the circles
The four different ways to find the HCF

504 700
2 2 60 ,72
5
3 2 2 2 30 ,36
3 7 5 3 15 ,18
5 ,6

56 48
The prime factors of :
56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 2 28 2 2 24
48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
The prime numbers that are common are: 2 14
x2 2 12
2x2x 2= 8
So the HCF of 56 and 48 is 8 2 7 x2 2 6

2 3
8