HEAVENLY FATHER WE JUST TAKE A
MOMENT AND GIVE YOU THE
HONOR FOR WHO YOU ARE AS THE
CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE.
LORD, GUIDE US WITH YOUR
WISDOM AS BEGIN OUR SCIENCE
CLASS.
HELP US TO FOCUS OUR HEARTS
AND MINDS ON WHAT WE ARE
ABOUT TO LEARN.
WE THANK YOU LORD AND LET
YOUR WILL BE DONE IN OUR LIVES,
What are
rocks?
Rock is naturally
occurring solid
mixture of one or
more minerals or
organic matter.
Classified by how
they are formed
their composition
and texture.
Change over time
through the rock
cycle.
PETROLOGY - the
branch of science
concerned with the
origin, small-scale
structure, and
composition of rocks.
Geological
Classification
of Rocks
IGNEOUS
Igneous rocks are
formed from
solidification of molten
rock material.
Ignis meaning fire
Formed when magma
cools and solidifies, it may
do this above or below the
Earth’s surface.
Formed when magma
cools and solidifies, it may
do this above or below the
Earth’s surface.
Two Basic Types of
Igneous Rocks
1. Intrusive Rocks
2. Extrusive Rocks
Intrusive Rocks
Magma cools down slowly
They have large crystal
form
1. Intrusive Rocks
Extrusive Rocks
Lava cools quickly
Small or no crystal form
May be vesicular
Vesicular Rocks
Pumice Rocks
Extrusive Rocks
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Magma pushes into
surrounding rock below
the Earth’s surface.
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Forms when magma
erupts onto Earth’s
surface.
Magma- is molten rock
generated by partial
melting of rocks found
beneath the surface of
the earth.
Magma can be forced
into rocks, blown out
volcanic explosions.
Magma formation:
When rock is heated.
When pressure is
released.
When rock changes
composition.
SEDIMENTARY
Sedimentary rocks are
formed by erosion.
Sediments are moved
from one place to
another.
Sediment is solid
material that is moved
and deposited in a new
Sediments are deposited
in layers.
The layers become
compacted together.
It underwent through
natural process.
• Wind
• Rain
• Flowing rivers
Which carry soil
particles, sand and
dead plants.
Over time soil, sand and
dead plants deposited
on top of each other.
They are called “Layers
of Sediment.”
Process that help form
sedimentary rock
include:
• Weathering
• Erosion
• Sedimentation
METAMORPHIC
Meaning to change shape.
Changes with temperature, and
pressure but remains solid.
Usually takes place deep in the
earth
They are altered beyond
their recognition.
Change in chemical
composition, texture and
structure.
comes from ancient Greek
words for “change” (meta)
and “form” (morph).
Foliated rock is a type of
metamorphic rock having
identifiable layers, textures,
and patterns.
Slate Rock Gneiss Rock
Non-foliated metamorphic
rocks do not have a
layered or banded
appearance.
Quartzite Rock Schist Rock
Physical
Classification
of Rocks
1. Unstratified
2. Stratified
3. Foliated
Chemical
Classification
of Rocks
1. Argillaceous
rocks
2. Calcareous
rocks
3. Siliceous rocks
1. Argillaceous
rocks
argillaceous rock is a rock
made of clay.
Latin argillaceous, from
Argilla (“clay”)
1. Argillaceous
rocks
2. Calcareous
rocks
Calcareous rocks
are predominantly
carbonate rocks, usually
limestone or dolostone.
2. Calcareous
rocks
3. Siliceous rocks
Siliceous rocks
are sedimentary rocks
that have silica (SiO2)
as the principal
constituent.
3. Siliceous rocks