Ecosystems and
Biogeochemical Cycles
A JO U R NE Y T HROUGH
NAT UR E ' S
INT E RCO NNE CTEDNESS
WHAT IS AN
Ecosystem?
• Definition: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical
environment.
• Key Components:
• Biotic Factors: Living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms)
• Abiotic Factors: Non-living components (soil, water, air, sunlight, temperature)
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF AN
ECOSYSTEM
AQUATIC (WATER) TESTETARIAL (LAND)
Water-based ecosystems
Examples: Freshwater (lakes, rivers, Land-based ecosystems
ponds) and Marine (oceans, seas) Examples: Forests, grasslands,
deserts
FOOD CHAINS
AND
FOOD WEBS
FOOD WEB
FOOD CHAIN
A linear sequence of organisms where
A complex network of
energy is transferred from one trophic level interconnected food chains showing
to the next. multiple feeding relationships.
• Example: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog
→ Snake → Hawk
The Water Cycle
• Process: A continuous cycle of
evaporation,condensation,
precipitation, and runoff.
Carbon, Nitrogen,
and Phosphorus
Cycles
• Carbon Cycle: The circulation of carbon through
the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and
geosphere.
• Nitrogen Cycle: The conversion of nitrogen gas
into forms usable by organisms and back to
nitrogen gas.
• Phosphorus Cycle: The movement of phosphorus
through the Earth's crust, water, and living
organisms.
Look deep into nature, and then you will
understand everything better.
- Morgan Maxwell
THANK YOU
Akhil Singh
[Link]-240111008008
FTD CE (1st Sem)