Instrumentation and Process
Control
Lecture 3
Instructor:
Dr.-Ing. Ameen Shahid
Assistant Professor
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Cell#: 0336-6767894
Room#: 324, SCME
1
Feedback Control:
• Distinguishing feature: measure the controlled variable
• Advantages:
Corrective action is taken regardless of the source of
Lecture 3
the disturbance.
Reduces sensitivity of the controlled variable to
disturbances and changes in the process.
• Disadvantages:
No corrective action occurs until after the disturbance
has upset the process, that is, until after x differs from
xsp.
Very oscillatory responses, or even instability…
2
Feedforward Control:
Distinguishing feature: measure a disturbance
variable
• Advantage:
Correct for disturbance before it upsets the process.
Lecture 3
• Disadvantage:
Must be able to measure the disturbance.
No corrective action for unmeasured disturbances.
3
Closed-loop Artificial Pancreas
glucose u
setpoint
y
r
Lecture 3
controller pump patient sensor
measured glucose
4
Lecture 3
Controlled and manipulated variables for a typical distillation column
5
Lecture 3
6
Lecture 3
Block diagram for temperature feedback control system
7
Lecture 3
Figure 1.6 Block diagram for composition feedback control system
on Fig. 1.4.
8
Lecture 3
9
Justification of Process Control
Specific Objectives of Control
• Increased product throughput
Lecture 3
• Increased yield of higher valued products
• Decreased energy consumption
• Decreased pollution
• Decreased off-spec product
• Increased Safety
• Extended life of equipment
• Improved Operability
• Decreased production labor
10
Economic Incentives - Advanced Control
Lecture 3
11
(days-months) 5. Planning and
Scheduling
(hours-days) 4. Real-Time
Optimization
3b. Multivariable
(minutes-hours) and Constraint
Hierarchy of process
Lecture 3
Control
control activities.
(seconds-minutes) 3a. Regulatory
Control
2. Safety, Environment
(< 1 second) and Equipment
Protection
(< 1 second) 1. Measurement
and Actuation
Process 12