Mekdela Amba

University
Department of Software
engineering
Advanced programming(SEng6132)

Chapter 2 Java IO 1
 Chapter - 2
Java Input/output

Chapter 2 Java IO 2
 Outline
Streams
Various Stream classes
Using Streams
Object Streams
File Management

Chapter 2 Java IO 3
 Introduction
Whenever programs produce output, the output may be
sent to either
The Java console, a text area, or some other GUI
component.
• These destinations are transitory, in the sense that the
output resides in the computer's primary memory and
exists only as long as the program is running.
Or to relatively permanent storage medium
A file is a collection of data stored on a disk or on
some other relatively permanent storage medium.
A file's existence does not depend on a running
program.
Chapter 2 Java IO 4
 Java I/O
I/O = Input/output
In this context, it is input to and output from programs
• Input refers to information or data read from some
external source into a running program.
• Output refers to information or data written from a
running program to some external destination.
Input can be from keyboard, a file, or network connection
etc.
Output can be to display (screen) or a file
Advantages of file I/O:
• Permanent copy
• Output from one program can be input to another
• Input can be automated (rather than entered manually)
Chapter 2 Java IO 5
Cont…
The Java I/O package gives classes support for reading and
writing data to and from different input and output sources
including Arrays, files, strings, sockets, memory and other
data sources.
The [Link] package provides more than 60 input/output
classes (stream).
These classes are used to manipulate binary and text files.
Here, we will learn how to create files and how to perform
input and output operations on their data using the Java
classes designed specifically for this purpose.

Chapter 2 Java IO 6
 STREAMS
Streams is the sequence of data. In java stream is
composed of bytes.
It is object that either delivers data to its destination
(screen, file, etc.) or that takes data from a source
(keyboard, file, etc.)
It acts as a buffer between the data source and destination
In java, three stream are created for us automatically:-
1. [Link]:- standard output stream
It connect a program to the screen.
2. [Link]:- standard input stream.
It connects a program to the keyboard.
3. [Link]:- standard error stream.

Chapter 2 Java IO 7
 Streams
Java input and output is based on the use of streams.
Reading from a stream

A stream
Source reads
Program

Writing to a stream

writes A stream
Program
Destination

Chapter 2 Java IO 8
 Types of Streams
There are two main type of stream. Those are
1. Byte stream
Java byte stream are used to perform input and output of 8-bit(1-
byte) at a time from binary file.
It can be classified into
i. InputSteam
ii. OutputStream
InputSteam and OutputStream class are most common used classes
of byte stream.

Chapter 2 Java IO 9
Chapter 2 Java IO 10
Byte InputSteam classes

11
Chapter 2 Java IO
 Cont…
FileInputStream:- Input stream that read from file.
SquenceInputStream:- Used to combine two or
more input stream.
PipedInputStream:- Used to read from pipe.
ObjectInputStream:- Used to read an object from
InputStream.
ByteArrayInputStream:- Used to read a byte array
from InputStream.
StringBufferInputStream:- Used to read from a
StringBuffer object.

Chapter 2 Java IO 12
 Cont…
FilterInputStream:- An instance of this class contain
some other input stream as a basic source of data for
further manipulation. It can be classified
BufferedInputStream:- provide buffer facility to the
input stream.
DataInputStream:- used to read primitive data type
from input stream.
PushBackInputStream:- Provide unreading facility to
the input stream.

Chapter 2 Java IO 13
 Byte OutputStream classes
OutputStream:- will create a file, if doesn’t already exit, before opening
it for output.

Chapter 2 Java IO 14
 Cont…
FileOutputStream:- used to write data into file.
PipedOutputStream:- used to write data into a pipe.
ObjectOutputStream:- used to write object to a
output stream.
ByteArrayOutputStream:- used to write data to a
byte array.
FilterOutputStream:-
BufferedOutputStream:- provide buffer facility to
output stream.
DataOutputStream:- used to write primitive data to a
output stream.
PrintStream:- used to print any data on output
stream. Chapter 2 Java IO 15
 2. Character stream
It used to perform input and output of 16 bit/2 byte at a
time from character file.
It can be classified into
i. Reader
ii. Writer
Reader and Writer are most common used classes of
character stream.

Chapter 2 Java IO 16
Reader classes

Chapter 2 Java IO 17
 Cont…
Reader class: with character-based streams, we can read lines of text.
Type and description of reader class
FileReader – used to read from files.
BuffereReader – sed to read text from a file line by line efficiently.
StringReader – used to read string.
And so on.

Chapter 2 Java IO 18
Writer classes

Chapter 2 Java IO 19
 Cont…
Writer class :- abstract class that define character steam output. If
you need to change these values, you can use the
OutputStreamWriter. It include
FileWriter – used to write to files
BufferedWriter – provide buffer facility to the writer class.
FilterWriter – used to write filtered character streams.
PrintWriter – used to print any data to writer.
PipedWriter – used to write data to pipe.

Chapter 2 Java IO 20
 Object Streams
In Java, Object Streams are used to read and write objects to a stream. These
streams are part of Java's serialization mechanism, which allows you to convert
an object into a byte stream and later reconstruct the object from that byte
stream.
• Key Concepts:
1. Serialization: The process of converting an object into a byte stream so that it
can be saved to a file, sent over a network, etc.
2. Deserialization: The reverse process of reading the byte stream and
reconstructing the original object.

Chapter 2 Java IO 21
 Object Streams
For serializing the object, we call the writeObject() method
of ObjectOutputStream class, and
For deserialization we call the readObject() method
of ObjectInputStream class.
[Link] interface
Serializable is a marker interface (has no data member and method).
It is used to "mark" Java classes so that the objects of these classes
may get a certain capability.
The Serializable interface must be implemented by the class whose
object needs to be persisted.

Chapter 2 Java IO 22
 Sample of code object serialization
public class JavaApplication3 {
package javaapplication3;

/** import [Link];

* @param args the command line arguments /**

*/ *

public static void main(String[] args) { * @author Administrator

// TODO code application logic here */
//Creating the object public class Stud implements Serializable{
Stud stu = new Stud(); public String name;
[Link]= "Abebe, "; public String address;
[Link] = " 01, Mekdela Amba"; }
try {
FileOutputStream fileout = new FileOutputStream("c:\\[Link]");
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(fileout);
[Link](stu);
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]("Success");
}
catch (IOException e){
[Link]();
}
}
Chapter 2 Java IO 23
 Sample of code object deserialization
import [Link].*;
class Deserialization{ import [Link];

public static void main(String args[]){ public class Student implements Serializable{

try{ int id;

//Creating stream to read the object String name;

ObjectInputStream in=new ObjectInputStream(new Fil public Student(int id, String name) {

eInputStream("[Link]"));
[Link] = id;
Student s=(Student)[Link]();
[Link] = name;
//printing the data of the serialized object
}
[Link]([Link]+" "+[Link]);
}
//closing the stream
[Link]();
}
catch(Exception e){[Link](e);}
}
}

Chapter 2 Java IO 24
 File management
The process and act of creating an
organized structure in which you store
information for easy retrieval.
It is all about file operation.
Naming a file
Opening a file -
Reading from a file
Writing data into a file
Closing a file

Chapter 2 Java IO 25
 File opration
It include the following method and it function
createNewfile()- to create new file
Mkdir() – create directory
listFiles()- list all file and directory in the directory
Delete() – to delete file and directory
Length()- display the number of character in the file.
Sample of code for creating file
Import [Link].*;
Class Filecreate(){
Public static void main(string args[]){
File f = new File(“E:\\folder\\[Link]”);
[Link]();
}
}
Chapter 2 Java IO 26
 Reading/Writing File
 In java, there multiple ways to read data from a file and to write data to a
file.
 Different ways:
1. Using Byte Stream (FileInputStream and FileOutputStream)
2. Using Character Stream (FileReader and FileWriter)
 FileInputStream
 allows reading data from a file.
 While using FileInputStream, file must already exist it will generate error.
 Implemented based on the byte stream.
 provides a method read() to read data from a file byte by byte.
 Syntax:
import [Link]
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(stringPath);
\\input stream that will be linked to the file specified by the path
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(File fileObject);
Chapter 2 Java IO 27
Cont…
It has the following Methods
read()
read(byte[] array)
read(byte[] array, int start, int length)
finalize()

Chapter 2 Java IO 28
 Sample of code for FileInputStream
import [Link];
public class FileInputStreamDemo{
public static void main(String [] args){
try {
FileInputStream fi= new FileInputStream("[Link]");
// Assume the file has "The Storm is Coming!" [Link]([Link]());
int idx = [Link]();
while(idx != -1) {
[Link](idx);
// Result ?
idx = [Link]();
}
}
catch(Exception excpt){
[Link](excpt);
}
}
Chapter 2 Java IO 29
 Cont…
FileOutputStream
It allows writing data to a file.
Iplemented based on the byte stream.
provides a method write() to write data to a file byte by byte.
There are two way to using file with FileOutputStream
1. FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(“c:/java/[Link]”);
Here is directly file path is specified while creating FileOutputStream.
2. File f = new File((“c:/java/[Link]”);
FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(f);
In the second method, first object of File is created and file object passed
to the FileOutputStream as a argument.

Chapter 2 Java IO 30
Cont…
Some of the method are
write(byte[] ary) - to write [Link] bytes from the
byte array to the file output stream
 close() - used to closes the file output stream.
write(int b) - used to write the specified byte to the file
output stream
finalize() - clean up the connection with the file output
stream.

Chapter 2 Java IO 31
Sample of code for FileOutputStream
import [Link];
public class FileOutputStreamDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String data = "The Storm is Coming!";
try { FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("[Link]");
// byte[] array = [Link]();
// Writes byte to the file
[Link]([Link]());
// [Link](32);
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
catch (Exception e) {
[Link]();
}
}
}
Chapter 2 Java IO 32
 Character Stream
FileReader
allows reading data from a file
implemented based on the character stream.
The FileReader class provides a method read() to read data from a file
character by character.
Syntaz:
import [Link]
FileReader read = new FileReader(“c:/java/[Link]”);
FileReader read = new FileReader(File fileObj);
It has the following method
read() –
read(byte[] array) –
read(byte[] array, int start, int length) –
getEncoding() –
Chapter 2 Java IO 33
Sample of code for FileReader
import [Link];
class FileReaderDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creates an array of character
char[] array = new char[100];
try {
// Creates a reader using the FileReader
FileReader charReader = new FileReader("[Link]");
// Reads characters
[Link](array);
[Link](array);
// Closes the reader
[Link]();
}
catch(Exception e) {
[Link](e);
}
} Chapter 2 Java IO 34
Cont…
FileWriter
allows writing data from a file
implemented based on the character stream
The FileWriter class provides a method write() to write data from a file
character by character
Syntaz:-
import [Link]
FileWriter write = new FileWriter(String path);
FileWiter write = new FileWriter(File fileObj);
It has the following method
write()
write(char[] array)
write(String data)
getEncoding()
Chapter 2 Java IO 35
Sample of code for FileWriter
import [Link];
public class FileWriterDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String data = "Just signaling a data to the output";
try {
// Creates a FileWriter
FileWriter output = new FileWriter("[Link]");
// Writes the string to the file
[Link](data);
// Closes the
writer [Link]();
}
catch (Exception e) {
[Link](e) ;
}
}
}
Chapter 2 Java IO 36
Reading Assignment

Chapter 2 Java IO 37
 e r ?
a pt
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nd of
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Chapter 2 Java IO 38