BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
CONTENTS
• What is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Basic Life Support
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation(CPR)
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a
lifesaving technique useful in many
emergencies, including heart attack or near
drowning, in which someone's breathing or
heartbeat has stopped.
Resuscitation
• Bring (someone who is unconscious, not
breathing, or close to death) back to a
conscious or active state again.
What is a cardiac arrest?
• A condition where there is cessation of heart action
evidenced as:-
• No signs of life
– unresponsive / unconscious
– no normal breathing
– no purposeful movement
• Common Causes:
– Cardiac conditions such as AMI (heart attack)
– Respiratory arrest
What is a respiratory arrest?
• A condition where spontaneous respiratory effort is
ineffective or has ceased and cardiac output is still
present
• If recognised and treated promptly may prevent
deterioration into a cardiac arrest
• Common Causes:
– asthma
– allergic reaction
– foreign body airway obstruction
• Recognition of Cardiac arrest and Activation
of Emergency response system
• Early CPR with an emphasis on chest
compression
• Rapid Defibrillation
• Effective ADVANCE LIFE SUPPORT
• Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
• Prevention of arrest
• Early High- quality bystander CPR
• Rapid activation of the EMS system
• Effective advanced life support
• Integrated post- cardiac arrest care.
• C- A- B by changing sequence rescuers can
start chest compressions sooner and the delay
in giving breaths should be minimal.
Basic Life support
• It consist of these main parts
Chest compression
Airway
Breathing
Defibrillation
Overview of BLS steps
1. Assess the victim- response look for normal and
abnormal breathing. If no response shout for help.
2. If Alone activate the Emergency response system
andget an AED if available and return to the
victim.
3. Check the victim’s Pulse( min 5 sec but not more
than 10 sec)
4. If no pulse within 10 sec perform 5 cycles of
compression and breaths(30:2)
Step 1
• Make sure the scene is safe for you.
• Tap the victim’s shoulder and shout “ are you
all right?”
• Check to see if the victim is breathing. If not
breathing or not breathing normally only
gasping you must activate the emergency
response system.
Step 1 & 2
Step 2
• Activate the emergency response system and
get AED if available, return to victim to check
pulse and begin CPR
Step 3
• Locate the trachea using 2 or 3 fingers
• Feel pulse for atleast 5 sec but no more than
10 sec. if no pulse , begin CPR in C-A-B
sequence
Step 4
• Begin cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
• Push hard and fast, at a rate of at least 100
compressions per minute, allow the chest to
recoil completely after each compression
Chest Compression Technique
Opening the Airway for breaths
• Head Tilt- Chin Lift
Mouth – to Barrier breathing Device
• Masks have 1 way valve that diverts exhaled
air, blood or bodily fluids away from the
rescuer.
Giving mouth - to-Mask Breaths
1. Position yourself at the victim’s side
2. Place the mask on victim’s face, using the
bridge of the nose as a guide for correct
position
3. Seal the mask against the face: using the
hand that is closer to the top of the victims
head, place your index finger and thumb
along the edge of the mask
Giving Mouth-to-Mask breaths
Using the Bag-Mask During 2 Rescuer CPR
2. Rescuer Adult BLS/ Team CPR sequence
RESCUER 1 At the victim’s Side •Perform Chest Compressions
-Compress 2 inch deep
-At a rate of atleast 100/min
-Allow complete chest recoil minimize interruptions in
compressions
--30:2 Ratio
-Count compression aloud
• Switch duties with second rescuer every 5 cycles or
about 2 minutes, taking <5 seconds
Rescuer 2 At the Vitim’s Head Maintain an open airway using
-Head tilt-chin lift
-Give breaths watching for chest rise and avoiding
excessive ventilation
-Encourage 1st rescuer to perform compressions
Switch duties
On Arrival of AED
On Arrival of
(Automated External Defibrillator)
1. POWER on AED- open the Carrying caseor
the top of the case.
Turn on the power
2. Attach AED pads to the victim’s bare chest
- peel the backing away from the AED pads
- attach the adhesive AED pads to the victim’s
bare chest.
-
Placement of AED Pads
3. “Clear” the victim and ANALYZE the rhythm.
- AED prompts you , clear the victim during
analysis no one is touching the victim, not
even rescuer
- AEDs will tell you to push a button to allow
the AED to begin analyzing the heart rhythm;
others will do the automatically 5 to 15 sec
4. If the AED advises a shock , it will tell you clear
the victim “Shock”
5. If no shock is needed, and after any shock
delivery, immediately resume CPR, starting
with chest compressions.
6. After 5 cycles or about 2 min of CPR the AED
will prompt you to repeat steps 3 and 4.
7. If the AED advises a shock, it will tell you to clear the
victim
- Clear the victim before delivering the shock be sure
no one is touching th victim
- Loudly state a “ clear the victim” message, such as
“everbody clear” or simply “clear”
- Look to be sure no one is in contact with the victim
- Press the SHOCK button
- The shock will produce a sudden contraction of the
victim’s muscles.
BLS for Children 1yr of age to puberty
• Prevention of arrest
• Early High- quality bystander CPR
• Rapid activation of the EMS system
• Effective advanced life support
• Integrated post- cardiac arrest care.
BLS for Children 1yr of age to puberty
• Most child-related cardiac arrests occur as a
result of a hypoxic event such as an exacerbation
of asthma, an airway obstruction or a drowning.
• In children, primary cardiac events are not
common. Cardiac arrest is most commonly
preceded by respiratory problems. Survival rates
improve with early intervention for respiratory
problems. Remember that prevention is the first
link in the Pediatric Chain of Survival.
BLS for Children 1yr of age to puberty
• For very small children, you can use one-
handed chest compressions.
• The depth of compression may be different.
For children, compress the. This may be less
than two inches for small chest at least one
third the depth of the chest children but will
be approximately two inches for larger
children
BLS for Children 1yr of age to puberty
• Compression- ventilation ratio for 2 rescuer
CPR : 15:2 for 2 rescuer child CPR
• Compression depth 5cm (2 inch)
• Compression 1 or 2 Handed compression
technique
ONE-RESCUER BLS FOR CHILDREN
If you are alone with a child at the scene, do the following:
1. Shake and talk loudly to the child to determine if they are
responsive.
2. Assess if they are breathing.
3. If the child does not respond and is not breathing (or only
gasping), yell for help. If someone answers, send them to call
911 and to get an AED.
4. Feel for the child’s carotid pulse (on the side of the neck) or
femoral pulse (on the inner thigh
in the crease between their leg and groin) for no more than
10 seconds.
BLS/CPR Infants
Universal Choking sign
Heimlich Maneuver
Relief of choking In an Infant