TRAINING TOPIC :
Fire Prevention and Protection
WHAT IS A FIRE?
It is a chemical reaction caused by the
interaction of three components
These are;
• OXYGEN
• HEAT
• FUEL
Take any component away and fire cannot survive
2
MECHANICS OF FIRE
In order to start a fire
you need to have the
right mixture of
Oxygen, Fuel plus
needed Heat. People GAS
SOLID LIQUID
need at least 19 % of
oxygen in the air to
live. Fire only needs 16
Temperature
%.
2 3
ELIMINATING FIRE
• Cooling – by
lowering the
temperature
ING
CO
• Smothering – by
ER
O
LI N
depriving of Oxygen
TH
O
G
SM
• Starvation – by NO FIRE
removing the source STARVATION
of fuel
4
The Spread of Fire
• Direct contact - in their early
stage, fires spread most
entirely by contact of flame
to combustible object
• Conduction – transferred of
heat through solid materials
5
THE SPREAD OF FIRE
Convection –
transferred of heat by
air movement, hot air
rises due to reduced
density
Radiation – heat
transferred from one
surface to another
across the space
6
Fire Fighting Equipment
Fire Extinguishers
Fire Hoses
Fire Hydrants
Fire Blanket
Fire Nozzles
Sprinklers
Etc… 7
CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE & IDENTIFICATION
OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
CLASS - A - Wood, Paper, Textiles,
Rubber, Plastic, Rope,etc,.Extinguish
with water to cool the material which is
burning.
CLASS - B - Flammable Liquids, Combustible
Liquids, Greases. Extinguish liquid
fires with foam or dry powder.
CLASS - C - GAS Fire.
Flammable gases - LPG, Acetylene.
Extinguish gas fires by shutting off the
gas supply.
ELECTRICAL FIRE - Turn off the supply.
Use CO2 or Dry chemical Extinguisher
DO NOT USE WATER ON ELECTRICAL FIRE 8
FIRE DETECTION
• Heat Detector
• Smoke Detector
• Flame Detector
9
Sources of Ignition
Heated Surfaces (Machine etc…)
Cloth, News paper on hot surfaces
Faulty Machinery’s Electrical fittings, etc…
Sparks (grinding. Welding. Cutting.
Electrical Overloading/Heating
Impact sparks (tools falling down to tank, etc…)
Static Electricity
Spontaneous Combustion
Cigarettes
10
Basic Fire Fighting
Locate the FIRE
Learn of its size, Location, combustibles involved.
Inform
Sound the Alarm - even if the Fire Appears Small
Shout FIRE! FIRE! , Instruct someone to sound
alarm.
Restrict the FIRE
By Closing Door, Isolating Fuel , electrical Supply
and Closing Ventilation. Use Boundary cooling.
Extinguish the FIRE
By using the correct type and quantity of 11
fighting media.
Fighting the Fire
• Fight the fire only if you have adequate means of
escape.
• Do not fight a fire if gas cylinders are involved. Keep
your distance.
• If a fire is too big (cannot be put out by a portable fire
extinguisher) back away. Try to contain fire.
• Remove any combustible material around fire if
possible.
• Give the location of incident, type, size of fire to12 Fire
Warden or Fireman
Evacuation Procedure
• On hearing the alarm, leave the building through
the nearest safe exit.
• Last person to, leave must close all doors,
windows, isolate power. Shut off A.C. units.
• Proceed to assembly point.
• Do not re-enter building - Never under estimate
the speed at which smoke fire can spread.
• Do not use lifts.
• Do not re-enter until the all clear has been given.
• Familiarise yourself with all emergency exit
arrows.
13
Safe Practices
Smoking
• Smoke only in authorised areas.
• Use proper ashtrays.
• Ensure Matches and cigarette
ends properly stubbed out.
• Proper warning notice to be placed.
• Do not smoke in bed.
Laundry & wet clothing
• Do not place clothes over heaters, radiators, etc.
• Clothes should be placed in a designated area.
14
Safe Practices
Electrical and other fittings
• Only authorised persons should interfere with
electrical fittings.
• Do not use personal electrical appliances.
• Faulty fittings and wiring must be reported.
• All electrical fittings must be firmly secured.
• Make shift plugs, sockets and fuses should not be
used.
• Circuit should not be overloaded.
• All portable electrical appliances should be
disconnected after use.
15
• Drying clothes on electrical heaters are prohibited
Safe Practices
Machinery Spaces
• Always keep the area clean. Prevent oil leakage,
remove combustible materials.
• Use container for cotton waste, cleaning rags, oil
rags, etc…
• Wood, paints, spirits, oil and other combustible
objects/substances should not be kept in machinery
space.
• All electrical wiring should be well maintained /
insulated.
16
Safe Practices
Galleys
• Avoid overheating or spilling of fats or oil
• Ensure burners or heating plates are shut off when
cooking is finished
• Ensure necessary fire fighting equipment is available
(familiarize with its location)
• Galley exhaust must be properly maintained
Hot Work
• Obtain necessary HOT WORK Permit before starting
the hot work
• Ensure Gas test is carried out in hazardous location
• Ensure no combustible materials nearby
17
Important Safety Tips
• See that you know what to do in case of fire.
• Make certain you know your escape.
• Keep fire doors and shutters clear and unobstructed.
• Don’t obstruct access to fire extinguishers: learn how to
use.
• Don’t hang clothing over or near heating equipment.
• Don’t let paper, oily rags or other rubbish accumulate.
• Do not smoke in prohibited areas.
18
Important Safety Tips
• Use approved safety can for carrying flammable liquids, not
open tins or buckets.
• Handle flammable liquids at a safe distance from possible
sources of ignition.
• Check before and after using blow lamps, welding and cutting
equipment.
• Soldering irons and gas rings must be non-combustible stands.
• Switch off from the mains any electrical equipment when not in
use. 19