PSAE

Math Review

Prof. Alleli C. Domingo

IMSP CAS
UP Los Baños
 Re-VIEW
20 June 2011 @ AMTEC
Alleli Ester C. Domingo

Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics

College of Arts and Sciences

University of the Philippines Los Baños

What is mathematics?

MATH:
Science of
patterns
Branches of Math
*Arithmetic
*Algebra
*Geometry
*Trigonometry
*Logic
*Calculus
*Statistics
Board Exam
Speed

Accuracy
 “If I were given an hour to
do
a problem upon which my life
depends, I would spend
40 minutes studying it,
15 minutes reviewing
it, and 5 minutes solving
it.”
Albert Einstein
Man of the Century
George Pólya
lived from 1887 to
1985
Prof. George Polya
a Hungarian who
immigrated to the United
States in 1940.
 major contribution: his work

in problem solving.
Prof. GEORGE POLYA
Pólya worked on
 analysis

 number theory

 geometry

 combinatorics

 mathematical physics.
 How To Solve It
 George Pólya's most famous book
 Before going to the United States he had
a draft of the book written in German but
it was the English version which he
published.
 Four publishers turned down the chance
to publish “How To Solve It” before
Princeton University Press agreed to
publish the book.
 The first edition appeared in 1945 and
was a best seller!!!
 Quotations
by George Pólya
 “If
there is a problem you
can't solve, then there is
an easier problem you can
solve: find it.”
 "What is the difference between
method and device? A method
is a device which you used
twice."
 “A GREAT discovery solves a
great problem, but there is a
grain of discovery in the solution
of any problem. Your problem
may be modest, but if it
challenges your curiosity and
brings into play your inventive
faculties, and if you solve it by
your own means, you may
experience the tension and enjoy
the triumph of discovery.”
 “Mathematics is the cheapest
science. Unlike physics or
chemistry,
it does not require any expensive
equipment. All one needs for
mathematics is a pencil and paper.”

 “Look around when you have got your first

mushroom or made your first discovery:
they grow in clusters.”
 Polya’s Hueristics
STEP 1. Understand the problem.
*What is the unknown?
STEP 2. Devise a plan.
STEP 3. Implement the plan.
STEP 4. Look back.
*Check your answer.
 1) What three consecutive
even numbers have their sum
equal to 384?

Even Numbers
Linear Equation
Answer:
126,128,130
2) Find three consecutive odd
numbers whose sum is 1,323.

Odd Numbers
Linear Equation
Answer:
439, 441, 443
 3) The sides of a right
triangle form an arithmetic
progression with a common
difference of 6. Find the sides
of the triangle .

Arithmetic Progression
Pythagorean Theorem
ANSWER: 18, 24, 30
4) A student takes a part-
time job paying a starting
salary of P5,000 a month
and is promised a fixed raise
each month. How much is his
monthly raise if he receives
P7,000 on the ninth month?

Arithmetic Progression
Common Difference:
P250
5) A well driller charges
P100 for the first 50 feet and
P10 less for every 50 feet
thereafter. How much would
a 350-ft deep well cost?

Arithmetic Progression
Sum of the first n terms
S7 = 490 pesos
6) Daniel is constructing a
ten-level tower. He puts ten
blocks on the bottom level.
If each level after that, there
is one block less than the level
below it, the completed
tower has how many blocks?
Arithmetic Progression
Sum of the first n terms
S10 = 55 blocks
7) One computer can do a job
twice as fast as the other.
Working together, both
computers can do the job in 2
hours. How long would it take
each computer, working
alone, to do the job?
Work Problem
Answer:
3 hours for the faster computer
;
6 hours for the slower
computer
 Subukan natin ito

Ulo, abaga, hawak dapi-dapi

Tuhod, tiil, tuhod, tiil.
**********************************************
Cloga, mahetna, centuga, leletaka
Melwene lelewana, melwene, lelewana
8) A pipe can fill a
swimming pool in 10 hours. If
a second pipe is open, the
two pipes together can fill
the pool in 4 hours. How long
would it take the second
pipe alone to fill the pool?

Work Problem
Answer: 6 and 2/3 hours
or
6 hrs and 40 minutes
9) How much money do we have
to invest at 3 percent
compounded annually if we want
to have 750 thousand
pesos in the bank after ten years?

Investment
Answer:
P=
750,000/(1.03)10
10) Immaya is 11 years
old today. If her favorite
aunt is 31 years old, how
many years from now will
the aunt be
twice as old as she?
Age Problem
ANSWER: In 9 years,
Immaya will be 20
and her aunt will be 40.
11) How many liters of a 15%
solution of alcohol should be added
to 3 liters of the 30% solution to get
a 20% solution?

Mixture Problem
Answer: 6 liters
12) Ms. Sison invests part of
P4,000 at 3% and the balance
at 4% per annum . How much
did she invest at each of
these rates if she earns P135
in one year?
Investment as a“Mixture”
Problem
Answer: 2,500 pesos at 3%
1,500 pesos at 4%
13) Andre and Chris are
traveling to a business
conference. Andre travels 110
km in the same time that
Chris travels 140 km. Chris
travels 15km per hour faster
than Andre. Find the average
rate of each person.

Distance = Rate x Time

Answer: Andre – 55 kph
Chris – 55 +15 = 70 kph
14) A man wants to make an
open box from a piece of metal
that is 12 inches wide and 14
inches long by cutting equal
squares out of the corners and
folding up the sides. How large
a square must be cut out of
each corner if the area of the
bottom of the box is 80 square
inches?Dimensions; Area
Ans: Cut a square of side = 2
inches
15) Find the 4th term of
(2x – ¼y)10

Binomial Theorem
Pascal’s Triangle
Answer: -240 x7y3
 ANALYTIC
GEOMETRY
1) Find two values
of x if the distance
between (x, 2) and
(6, 6) is 5.
Distance Formula
Quadratic Equation
 2) Determine if the
three points (0, –3) ,
(1, 4) and (2 , 1) are
collinear.
Collinear Points
Slope of Line
Segments
3) Prove that the three
points (2, 4) , (1, –4) and
(5, –2) are the vertices
of a right triangle.

Slope
Perpendicular Lines
4) Find the slope and
y intercept of the line
having the equation
2x – 5y –10 = 0

Slope –Intercept
Form
5) Find an equation of
the line passing through
the point (1, -3) and
having a slope of ½.

Point –Slope Form

6) Find an equation of the
circle with center at (3, –5)
and radius 2.

Center –Radius Form

7) Find the equation of
the circle having a
diameter with endpoints
at (3, –4) and (1, 2).

Midpoint of a Diameter
Center –Radius Form
9) Draw a sketch
of the graph of the
equation y = x +3.
2

2 Degree Equation
nd

Quadratic in x , linear in
y
Parabola
10) Locate the vertex and
focus of the parabola
9y2 + 2x – 24y – 96 = 0 .

Completing the Square

Vertex and Focus
11) Find the equation of
the line tangent to the
curve
y2 – 2x – 4y – 1= 0
at (2 , –1).
Slope of Tangent Line
Point –Slope Form
12) Find the equation
of the line normal to
the curve
xy + 2x – 5y – 2 =
0
at Implicit
(3 , 2)Differentiation
.
Slope of Normal Line
Point –Slope Form
13) Find the equations
of the lines tangent to
the curve
y = x3 – 6x + 2
and parallel to the line y
= 6x – 2 .
Slope of Tangent Line
Slope of Parallel Lines
14) Find the equation of the
line normal to the curve
xy + 2x – y = 0
and parallel to the line
2x + y = 0 .

Implicit Differentiation
Normal, Parallel Lines
 15) Does the line
tangent to the curve
y = x3 at the point (1,1)
intersect the curve at
any other point?
If so, find the point.

Tangent Line
Intersection Point
16) Sketch the ellipse
9x2 + y2 = 9 .
Central Conic:
Ellipse
Major Axis; Minor
Axis
17) Sketch
the hyperbola
9x2 – 4y2 = 36 .
Auxiliary Rectangle
Diagonals:
Asymptotes
Exponential Growth
Exponential Decay
1) In a particular bacterial culture, if f(t)
bacteria are present at t minutes, then
f(t) = Be0.04t where B is a constant. If there
are 1,500 bacteria present initially, how
many bacteria will be present after 1
hour?

Exponential Growth
 2) If f(t) grams of radioactive substance are
present after
t seconds, then f(t) =ke-0.3 t where k is a
constant. If 100
grams of the substance are present initially,
how much is present after 5 seconds?

Exponential Decay
 3) If V(t) pesos is the value of
a certain equipment t years
after its purchase, then V(t) =
Be—0.20t where B is a constant, If
the equipment was purchased
for 8,000 pesos, what will be its
value in 2 years?
Depreciation
Exponential Decay
 4) If P(h) pounds per square
foot s the atmospheric pressure
at a height h feet above sea level,
then P(h) = ke-0.00003h, where k is a
constant. Given that the
atmospheric pressure at sea level is
2116 ft/lb2, find the atmospheric
pressure outside of an airplane that
is 10,000 ft high.

Exponential “Decay”
 5) The population of a particular
town is increasing at a rate
proportional to its size. If the rate is 6
percent , and the population after t
years is P(t), then P(t) = ke0.06t, where k
is a constant. If the current population
is 10,000, what is the expected
population
a) after 10 years? b) after 20 years?

Exponential Growth
6) Carbon 14, also known as radiocarbon, is a radioactive form of carbon
that is found in all living plants and animals. After a plant or animal dies
the radiocarbon disintegrates. Scientists can determine the age of the
remains by comparing the amount of radiocarbon with the amount
present in living plants and animals. This technique is known as carbon
dating. The amount of radiocarbon present after t years is given by
y =y0e-(ln2) (1/5700)t
, where y0 is the amount present in living
plants and animals.
Find the half-life of radiocarbon.

Half-life; Exponential Decay