Mattu University

College of Engineering and Technology

Computer Vision and Image Processing course(CV& IP)

Department of Computer Science

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 Chapter One
Computer Vision and image processing
Outline
 Introduction
 What is a computer vision?
 What is image?
 Related fields in CV
 Computer Vision vs Image Processing
 Application of CV and IP
 DifferentImage processing examples Fundamental steps in
image processing
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 Introduction
 Image is a kind of language which expresses visual information to human being.

 One of the first applications of digital images was in the newspaper industry, when

pictures were first sent by submarine cable between London and New York.

 Digital image processing is the study of theories, models and algorithms for the

manipulation of images (usually by computer).

 DIP span a wide variety of topics such as digitization, histogram manipulation,

warping, filtering, segmentation, restoration and compression.

 Computer vision deals with theories and algorithms for automating the process of

visual perception, and involves tasks such as noise removal, smoothing, and

sharpening of edges.
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Human Vision vs Computer Vision

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 What is computer vision?
 CV is the field of CS that focuses on replicating parts of the complexity of the
human vision system and enabling computers to identify and process objects in
images and videos in the same way that humans do.
 It is the science which useful information about the world can be automatically
extracted and analysed from an observed image, image set, or image sequence
from computations made by a computer.

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 Cont’d…
 Computer vision is a subfield of AI (Artificial Intelligence), which enables
machines to derive some meaningful information from any image, video, or
other visual input and perform the required action on that information.
 Computer vision is inspired by the way human visual systems and brains work.
 The computer vision algorithms we use today are based on pattern recognition,
training models on massive amounts of visual data.

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What is image processing?

 Image processing is a fundamental field within computer science and digital

technology that revolves around the manipulation and analysis of digital images.
 Human have evolved very precise visual skills
 We can identify a face in as instant

 We can differentiate the color

 We can process large amount of visual information very quickly

 Image processing involves changing the nature of an image in order to either

 Improve its pictorial information for human interpretation or

 Render it more suitable for autonomous machine perception

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 Cont’d…

 The field of digital image processing refers to processing digital images by

means of a digital computer.
 An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y)
here x and y are spatial (plane) coordinates,

And the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates

(x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point and the
range is between 0 and 255.
 When x, y, and the amplitude values off f are all finite, discrete quantities, we
call the image a digital image.

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 Why do we need image processing?
 image processing is more accurately defined as a means of translation between
the human visual system and digital imaging devices.
 The human visual system does not perceive the world in the same manner as
digital detectors.
 Image processing must be approached in a manner consistent with the scientific
method so that others may reproduce, and validate, one's results.

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 Some of the purposes of IP
1. Visualization – Observing objects that are difficult to see.

2. Image sharpening and restoration – Improving noisy images or to improve the

image data.

3. Image retrieval – Attractive and high-resolution image search.

4. Pattern recognition – Defining various objects in an image.

5. Image recognition – Detecting objects in an image.

6. To enhance some features of the input image.

7. As a means of translation between the human visual system and digital

imaging devices.
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 Computer Vision vs Image Processing
 Image processing and computer vision are closely related fields that involve
analysing, manipulating, and understanding images and video data using
mathematical and computational techniques.
 Image processing focuses on enhancing and extracting useful information from
digital images,
 While computer vision deals with interpreting and understanding the content of
those images.
 Computer vision uses image processing to recognize and categorize image data.

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Cont’d..

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 Related fields in CV
 The fields most closely related to computer vision are image processing, image
analysis and machine vision.
 Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses
 machine learning and neural networks to teach computers and systems to derive
meaningful information from
 digital images,
 videos and other visual inputs and to make recommendations or take actions
when they see defects or issues.
 Computer graphics is also Related fields
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Cont’d..

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 Application of CV and IP

 Facial recognition.
 Self-driving cars.
 Robotic automation.
 Medical anomaly detection.
 Sports performance analysis.
 Manufacturing fault detection.
 Agricultural monitoring.
 Plant species classification.
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 Reading Assignment
 Image processing examples Fundamental steps in image processing

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End !!!

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