Topic Name: Basic First aid
WHAT IS FIRST AID ?
HELP GIVEN TO A SICK OR INJURED PERSON UNTIL FULL
MEDICAL TREATMENT IS AVAILABLE
FAINTING
Common Causes
1. Anxiety 1. Treatment
When a person feels faint-
2. Emotional upset Make them sit down or lie
down
3. Stress
2. Check to see if airways are
4. Severe pain
clear
5. Skipping meals
3. Restore blood flow by
6. Standing for a long time in a Loosening clothing/belts and
crowd collars.
7. Some medications
4. Elevate feet above head level
8. Diabetes
9. Blood Pressure
BLEEDING
Stop the flow of blood
Cover the wound
Apply pressure
If a body part has been amputated, put it on ice
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BURNS
1. Remove patient from heat source
2. Immediately cool the affected area for
at least 20 minutes using cool running
(slowly) water from a tap or shower.
3. Remove any clothing, watches, rings
or jewelers from the injured area
because of the risk of swelling.
4. Use a non-adherent dressing or a
piece cling film.
DROWNING
The aim of a rescue procedure
is to keep the victim’s head
If the victim is unconscious,
above the water at all times.
check for breathing.
It’s always important
If the victim is breathing,
encourage the victim to
cough until normal breathing place into the recovery
is established. position.
If the victim is not breathing,
To reduce the risk of
hypothermia place the victim provide rescue breathing
on a blanket from the ground. before moving on to an
Remove wet clothing. assessment of circulation and
full CPR as necessary.
ELECTRIC SHOCK
1. Don’t touch!
2. Turn power off
3. Call 100
4. Remove person from live wire
5. Check for breathing , if not
Start CPR
FRACTURE
Immobilize the injured part:-(splint the fracture) to
reduce pain, prevent shock and prevent further soft
tissue injury.
Effective splints:- can be made from rolled-up news
papers, magazines, blankets, cardboard or a stick.
FALL FROM HEIGHT(Spine Injury)
Extreme pain in neck, head or back.
Weakness or paralysis in any part of your body.
Numbness or loss of sensation in your hand, fingers, feet or
toes.
Loss of bladder or bowel control.
MANAGEMENT
• Call first aid immediately
• Keep towels on both sides of the neck and hold the neck to
prevent movement
• Use a spine board to prevent the movement of spine
DO NOT
Attempt to move the person randomly or allow him to walk
as it may lead to paralysis
FITS /SEIZURES
Do’s Don’ts
Stay calm Panic
Let the seizure run thro' its course Restrict the convulsive
Prevent fall of patient if he/she is movements
on heights
Crowd around patients
Remove the sharp objects which
can injury Put anything in the person's
mouth during a seizure
Loosen the tight clothing , belt , tie
Try to move the person unless
Give support to head of patient
they are in danger (during
After the seizure is over, turn the
seizure)
patient on his side to prevent
chocking Give the person anything to eat
Wipe the froth coming out of or drink until they are fully
mouth recovered
Insect Bites and Stings
Treatment
If a stinger is present, remove it by scraping away or gently
pulling it out with forceps.
Wash the area thoroughly with soap and water .
Place ice wrapped in a cloth on the affected area.
Seek medical help immediately if you have an allergic reaction.
Steps to Avoid
Do not try and squeeze the stinger out.
Do not apply a tourniquet .
Heat Cramps
Stop all activity, and sit in a cool place.
Drink clear juice or water mixed with salt and
sugar.
Remove any tight or unnecessary clothing.
Stretch cramped muscles slowly and gently.
Do not return to strenuous work for a few hours.
Nose bleed
Hold the head well forward
and breathe through the
mouth while pinching the
entire soft part of the nose for
10 to 20 minutes.
The patient must be sitting Tell the patient not to blow
down and at total rest until their nose for a few hours
the bleeding stops. because this may restart
the bleeding.
SNAKE BITE
DO DO NOT
Note the snake’s appearance
Cut a bite wound
Keep the person still to keep Attempt to suck out venom
venom from spreading Apply tight bandage or ice
Give the person alcohol or
Cover the wound with loose , caffeinated drinks
sterile bandage
Seek medical help immediately
HEART ATTACK
SYMPTOMS
Tightness or pain in the chest neck , back or arms
PAIN AREAS:-
In the areas between shoulder blades, left arm, jaw, chest
and upper abdomen
DO
1. Call 100
2. Make victim comfortable
3. Loosen tight clothing
4. Keep victim still
5. Move to the hospital
CHOKING
Ask a person to speak or cough
Deliver 5 back blows
Perform abdominal thrusts
Repeat sequence of back blows and abdominal thrusts
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YOU