Module Code （ Time New Roman 24 号 )
Module Name——(Time New Roman 28 号 )
Self-healing Network
Version 1.0
ZTE University
Transmission Course Group
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Course Objectives
•Self-healing Network Overview
•Chain Protection
•Ring protection
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Self-healing Network Overview
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Self-healing Network Definition
Self-healing network:
• When the fault happen, the network can automatically
resume its loaded service in a very short time, so that the
terminal user cannot notice the network fault.
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Self-healing Network Basic Principle
Create protection route for the service. When the working
route fails, the service will switch to the protecting route
automatically in a very short time (50ms).
Precondition for self-healing Network: There are
redundancy routes
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Self-healing Network Classification
Regarding the Topology
• Train Networking Service Protection
• Ring Network Service Protection
• Inter-ring Service Protection
Regarding the Protection Section
• Multiplex Section Protection
• Path Protections Protection
• Logic Subnet Protection
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Chain Protection
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The chain network 1+1 protection
TR CS OL OL
CS TR
OL OL
The STM-N signal is sent simultaneously on the two
multiplexing segments of the working segment and
protection segment. That is, at the sending end, the
STM-N signal is permanently connected to the working
segment and protection segment.
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The chain network 1:1 protection
wor work
CS CS
k
OL OL
OL OL
protectio protectio
n n
the 1:1 structure is the subset of the 1:n(n=1) structure.
It has the capacity to work in the 1+1 structure and to
interconnect with the 1+1 structure of the other end.
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Process of automatic protection switch
PS
W ①
source end
5a
P
5b
④ K1,K2
end
source
⑦ ②
PS K1
6
WORKING SIGNAL K2
PROTECTION SIGNAL
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Multiplexing segment 1:1 protection
Multiplexing segment 1:1 protection is different from
Multiplexing segment 1+1 protection. The working
payload is transmitted through the working path while the
protection path be used to carry extra payload which is of
inferior class.
When the working path fail ,the extra payload on the
protection path will be replaced by the working payload
according to the APS protocol. Thus the working payload
is protected by this way.
In normal working, 1:1 come up to 2+0.
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Ring Protection
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2-fiber unidirectional SNCP ring
CA AC
CA AC
W1
W1
P1
P1
A A
D B D B
C C
P1 P1
W1
W1
switching
CA AC CA AC
•The protection mode on 2-fiber SNCP ring is based on“send together and receive one”, switching
protection according to PATH-AIS, the APS protocol is not needed
•At the source NE, the payload is send to the working path and protection path simultaneously. The
destination NE detect and compare the coming signal from the working and protection paths , then
determine to receive the payload of better quality.
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2-fiber unidirectional SNCP ring
OL OL
R T
CS
T EP R
OL OL
EP
R T
CS
T R
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The protection on 2-fiber SNCP ring
OL OL
R T
Working
CS path
protection
T R
path
receive
one
send
EP together
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2 Fiber Bi-direction MS Protection Ring
Definition
• 2 fiber ： there are two fibers between a pair of nodes
• Bi-direction ： service between two NE use the same
section of the network and are transmitted by reverse
directions
• Multiplexing section ： protection based on MS, protect
the payload part, use APS to start the protection
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Working Principle
S1/P2
A S2/P1 •Working path
S1 、 S2, in normal
D B situation, service is
transmitted along the
C working path. The first
half of one fiber is
working path, taking
STM-16 as an example,
1-8 AU4 is the working
path.
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Working Principle
•Protecting path
P1,P2: Service
S1/P2 transmits along the
protecting path after
A S2/P1 protection switch. The
last half part of the
fiber is protecting path,
D B
taking STM-16 as
example, 9-16 AU4 is
C
the protecting path.
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Working Principle
S1/P2
A S2/P1
•Relationship
between the
D B
working an
C protecting paths
The protecting path of
one direction protect
the working path of
the other direction,
i.e, P1 protects S1,
and P2 protects S2.
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Working Principle
CA Rx AC Tx
S1/P2 Use S1 and S2 to transmit
services.
A S2/P1 AC service is send in S1 path
at A, and then go along S1
D B path: A->B->C
C C->B->A CA service is send
in S2 path at C, and then go
along S1 path: C->B->A
CA Tx AC Rx
P1 and P2 can be used to
send extra service now.
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Switch Condition
Auto switch condition:
LOS 、 LOF 、 MS-AIS 、（ SD ）
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Switch Procedure
CA Rx AC Tx
Switch ： If the fiber between B
S1/P2
and C is bracken, switch
happens in B and C.
A S2/P1
B node: cross AC service from
D B S1 to P1, and send it A->B->A-
>D->C
C
C node: cross CA service from
S2 to P2, and send it C->D->A-
>B->A
CA Tx AC Rx
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Features of 2f bi-d MSP ring
• Advantages ： time slot protection, Time slots between
two nodes can be reused, increasing the transmission
capacity. Standby path P1 and P2 can be used to transmit
extra service.
• Disadvantages: longer switching time; for using APS
protocol and adopt cross connection. Numbers of nodes is
limited to 16.
• Transmission capacity: (k/2)*STM-N (k=no. of nodes).
• Notice: Suitable for distribution services
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Four fiber bi-directional MS protection ring
CA AC CA AC
W1 W1
P1 P1
W2 W2
P2 P2
A A
D B D B
C C
P2 P2
W2 W2
P1 P1
W1 W1
CA AC
CA AC CA AC switching
•two working fiber ( W1 and W2)and two protection fiber. (P1 and P2) ， w1 is clockwise,w2
is counterclockwise
•p1 and p2 is in the opposite direction to w1 and w2 respectively. each node has its own
changeover switch.
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