CHAPTER 9

SPIRITUAL
SELF
Prepared by: Social and Behavioral Sciences Department
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Share experiences with the
God/Sacred;
2. Describe folk religious practices,
rituals and ceremonies in their own
places; and
[Link] whether the practices are
THE NINE SACRED PATHWAYS
1. Naturalists - You feel closer to God when
surrounded by the beauty of nature.
2. Sensate - You love to worship God in ways
that engage your senses of sight, smell, sound,
etc.
3. Traditionalists - You may be drawn to the
Book of Common Prayer, Liturgy, etc.
THE NINE SACRED PATHWAYS
4. Ascetics - You love to be left alone to pray
and tend to live a simplified life
5. Activists - You are spiritually nourished by
fighting for the right.
6. Caregivers - You serve Christ for serving
others.
7. Enthusiasts - You just love to follow the
THE NINE SACRED PATHWAYS
8. Contemplatives - You see God as the
“Lower of your soul”. You seek to practice His
presence continually.
9. Intellectuals - You feel closer to God when
you learn something new about Him.
 FINDING AND CREATING
●We see God in sorrow and happiness
MEANING
●Why does God allow suffering?
●Is God a punishing God?
●Why do good people suffer?
●Shall we thank God for the suffering and
trials in our life?
 FINDING AND CREATING
●Victor Emil Frankl (1959) introduced
MEANING
logotherapy which is the pursuit of one’s
meaning in life.
●Tragic Optimism - It is manifested when a
person is genuinely optimistic even in the
face of miseries, chaos and extremely
negative circumstances. In logotherapy, this
 THE CONCEPT OF SPIRIT OR
●The Soul According to Indigenous
SOUL
Filipino - For the Tagalogs, soul or spirit
is known as kaluluwa; by the Ilocanos
kararua; by the Bagobos, gimokud; by the
Bukidnons, makatu; and the Ilonggos,
dungan.
 RITUALS, CEREMONIES,
RELIGION, MAGIC AND
●Rituals can be secular or religious,
WITCHCRAFT
personal or communal.
●Durkheim (1965) stated that the
reference or object of a ritual is the belief
system of a society.
 RITUALS, CEREMONIES,
RELIGION, MAGIC AND
●A.R Radcliffe Brown points out the
WITCHCRAFT
primary functions of rituals; give
expression to the collective sentiment of
a society, contribute to social cohesion or
unity; maintain the social system through
THANK YOU!
 CHAPTER 10

POLITICAL
SELF
Prepared by: Social and Behavioral Sciences Department
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
[Link] Filipino values;
[Link] Filipino identity; and
[Link] Filipino sense of nationalism.
 DEVELOPING A FILIPINO
IDENTITY
First: Social -Political Dimension
[Link] in the Philippines.
[Link] parents who are citizens of the
Philippines.
[Link] before January 17, 1973 of Filipina
mothers.
4. Naturalized in accordance with law.
 DEVELOPING A FILIPINO
IDENTITY
Second: Cultural Roots
[Link]- timidity, shyness, or feeling of
embarrassment
2. Utang na loob- it signifies the principle of
reciprocity or a give-and-take relationship
among Filipinos
 DEVELOPING A FILIPINO
IDENTITY
Second: Cultural Roots
[Link]- able to get along with others
to maintain harmonious relationship.
[Link]- heightened awareness and
sensitivity to the situation others are into.
 TYPES OF POLITICAL
INVOLVEMENT
[Link] Engagement- Getting involved in
political activities or processes (broad term).

[Link] Participation-Active actions

taken to influence political outcomes, like
voting or joining movements.
 DEVELOPING A FILIPINO
IDENTITY
Third: Consciousness
[Link] Values
❖Kapwa- shared inner self
❖Pakikiramdam- inner perception of others’
emotion
❖Kagandahang loob- being able to help
other people
 DEVELOPING A FILIPINO
IDENTITY
Third: Consciousness
2. Surface Values- are the outward
expressions of a culture, often visible in
people's actions, behaviors, and traditions.

*Accommodative surface values

* Confrontative surface values
 THREE AREAS OF CONCERN IN THE
BUILDING OF FILIPINO IDENTITY
[Link]- act in accordance with rules
and identities
[Link]- formation and integration of values
into democratic process.
[Link]- A process of constant
growth and change for individuals,
communities, and institutions.
Challenges in Forging a Filipino
[Link] the Individual Level- these challenges
Identity
are shaped by personal experiences,
upbringing, and the influence of society.

[Link] the Institutional Level- these

challenges are often deeply rooted in the
structure of society, politics, education, and
the media.
 Enhancement of Nationalism
Nationalism- refers to a sense of pride,
loyalty, and attachment to one's country and
its values, and it plays a key role in
strengthening social cohesion and national
development. To enhance nationalism in the
Philippines, efforts must be made at various
levels—individual, institutional, and societal.
THANK YOU!
 CHAPTER 11

DIGITAL SELF

Prepared by: Social and Behavioral Sciences Department

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
[Link] how one presents his or her self
in digital world;
[Link] how one makes use of social
media and any other digital platforms in
relation to the self; and
[Link] on how to properly make use of
social media sites as an extension of one’s
 I, ME, MYSELF, AND MY USER
ID ONLINE IDENTITY
Social networking sites are now
considered significant tools that foster
psychological development, especially
between adolescence and adulthood
(Steinfield, Ellison, & Lampe, 2008, as
 I, ME, MYSELF, AND MY USER
ID ONLINE IDENTITY
Social media has been used to
represent one’s self in the online
community, and thus, in a way, plays a
significant role in nurturing our sense of
self.
 SELECTIVE PRESENTATION
AND IMPRESSION
The self is much more actively
MANAGEMENT
managed and constructed by what we do
online (Belk, 2013). One future of social
media as a means of identity
representation is that we can choose what
 SELECTIVE PRESENTATION
AND IMPRESSION
ERVING GOFFMAN (1922 - 1982), a
MANAGEMENT
Canadian-American sociologist, used the
term impression management to refer to
the process by which people control the
impressions other people have toward
 SELECTIVE PRESENTATION
AND IMPRESSION
Goffman further suggested that
MANAGEMENT
people are like actors in a play - we act in
a way that pleases our audience to create
good impression. One way by which we
can manage other people’s impressions
 SELECTIVE PRESENTATION
AND IMPRESSION
But why do we engage in self-
MANAGEMENT
presentation?
●Self-presentation reinforces the
different social roles or identities we
take on in the real world.
 SELECTIVE PRESENTATION
AND IMPRESSION
●We may engage in self-presentation
MANAGEMENT
to gain social rewards.
●Creating an impression toward
others, will, in a way, also help us
establish our identity.
 IMPACT OF ONLINE
INTERACTIONS ON THE SELF
Virtual worlds serve as a tool for
identity exploration. (Belk, 2013).
Social media allows us to explore and
try out different identities. Online
gaming can also let us try out different
 IMPACT OF ONLINE
INTERACTIONS ON THE SELF
Social media can impact our self-
esteem. (Gonzales & Hancock, 2011).
The feedback that we get from our
social media friends can either boost
or undermine how we see and feel
 IMPACT OF ONLINE
INTERACTIONS ON THE SELF
Such feedback may be in the form of
likes, shares, comments, or even
through the number of views or page
visits. On the other hand, social media
sites may also lower our self-esteem.
 IMPACT OF ONLINE
INTERACTIONS ON THE SELF
Social media and other online platforms
can provide “catharsis”. (Belk, 2013).
Disclosing about ourselves in social
media and any other online sites can be a
way by which we can release our
 IMPACT OF ONLINE
INTERACTIONS ON THE SELF
Social media can also be a host to
different emotional experiences. (Wood,
Bukowski, & Lis, 2016). Social media use
can help enhance communication and
social contact. This is facilitated by
 IMPACT OF ONLINE
INTERACTIONS ON THE SELF
Social media use can also provide
awareness and understanding of
different identities and cultures, which in
turn, enhances appreciation to diversity.
However, there are risks involved like
cyberbullying. It is seen as an inevitable
 IMPACT OF ONLINE
INTERACTIONS ON THE SELF
Cyberbullies can bask an anonymity
online and negative remarks that can
create overwhelming and uncontrollable
damage. The term “facebook depression”
has been suggested to refer to the
feeling of being depressed because of
BOUNDARIES OF THE SELF
The internet provides us with a lot of
ONLINE
information worth sharing and
commenting. Social media apps and
other online platforms invite us to share
the experiences and thoughts in the
virtual world. However, we have to
caution ourselves against “oversharing”.
BOUNDARIES OF THE SELF
This may put us in danger since whatever
ONLINE
information we disclose can be seen by a
lot of people all over the world and may
be used in a way that can jeopardize us.
Notable example of the dangers of
“oversharing” is identity theft. The free
expression we may have online comes
THANK YOU!