Dr.

D Y Patil Pratishthan’s
Y B Patil Polytechnic, Akurdi

Introduction to Engineering Graphics- 2

By -
Mr. C.M Pattanshetty
Lecturer in Mechanical Dept.
Training & Placement Officer
Throwback....
What is Engineering
What is Design ?
General design Procedure
Need of Engg. Drawing
Artistic Drawing & Engg. Drawing
Types of Engg. Drawing
Applications of Engg Drawing
Drawing Instruments
Types of Drawings
All Drawings

Artistic Technical

Sketches Diagrams Drawings

(conceptual (design & (technical/
) technical) engineering)

simulated
perspective

Diagram Diagram Multi

(design (technical Oblique Isometric view
plan) ) projectio projectio orthograph
n n ic

Less technical More technical

 Drawing Instruments
 1. Drawing Board  12. Drawing Pencils – H,
 2. Drawing Sheet 2H, HB
 13. Sand Paper
 3. Drawing Sheet
 14. Eraser (Rubber)
Holder
 15. Drawing Pins and Clips
 4. Set-squares – 45o
 16. Cello Tape
and 30o – 60o
 17. Duster or
 5. Large size Compass
Handkerchief
 6. Small bow Compass
 18. Drafting Machine /
 7. Large size Divider Mini Drafter
 8. Small bow Divider  19. Sketch Book (Medium
 9. Scales – 6” and 12” size)
 20. Roller Scale
 10. Protractor
 21. Pencil Sharpener
 11. French Curve
 22. Sheet Folder
Drawing Instruments

Drawing Board
Drawing table
 Mini Drafter
Mini drafter is an instrument which can be used
for multiple functions in drawing. ... Mini
drafter is used for drawing horizontal lines,
vertical lines, inclined lines, angles, parallel lines,
perpendicular lines etc.
Mini Drafter
 Layout of Drawing Sheet

20
150

50
Title Block

20
30 20

All the dimensions are in millimeters.

 Title Block (Sample)

NAME:
10

Y B Patil Polytechnic

20
ROLL NO.:
10

SEM. & SEC.: LINES

10

10
SUB. DATE: & SHEET NO.: 01
10 10

10 10
GRADE: LETTERING CHECKED BY:

50 50 50

NOTES:
All the dimensions are in millimeters.
Sheet
Sizes
 Lettering

Writing of titles, dimensions, notes and other

important particulars on a drawing is lettering
Classification:
Single-stroke Letters:
 The thickness of the line of the letter is obtained in
one stroke of the pencil. Recommended by B.I.S.
 It has two types:
◦ Vertical
◦ Inclined (slope 75o with the horizontal)
 The ratio of height to width varies but in most of
the cases it is 6:5.
 Lettering is generally done in capital letters.
 The lower-case letters are generally used in
architectural drawings
Lettering...
 The spacing between two letters should not be
necessarily equal.
 The letters should be so placed that they do not
appear too close together too much apart.
 The distance between the words must be uniform
and at least equal to the height of the letters.
 Lettering, except the dimension figures, should
be underlined to make them more prominent.
 Size of Alphabets for Drawing:
 Main titles 6-8 mm
 Sub titles 3-6 mm
 Notes, dimension figures, etc. 3-5 mm
Drawing no. 10-12 mm
d
d/2
ABCDEFGHIJKLMN
OPQRSTUVWXYZ
1234567890
abcdefghijklmnopqrs
tuvwxyz
 LINES
Line Thickness:
Thickness varied according to the use of pen or pencil and the size & type of
the drawing.
For pencil, the lines can be divided into two line-groups:

Line-group Thickness
Lines
(mm)
0.2 Medium Out lines, dotted lines, cutting plane lines

0.1 Thin Centre lines, section lines, dimension lines,

extension lines, construction lines, leader lines,
short-break lines and long-break lines.

Important Notes:
In the finished drawing, all lines except construction lines should be dense,
clean and uniform. Construction lines should be drawn very thin and faint
and should be hardly visible.
Types of lines
 Dimensioning
The art of writing the various sizes or measurement on the finished drawing of an object.
Types of Dimensioning:
i. Size or Functional Dimensions (S):
It indicates sizes.
e.g. length, breadth, height, diameter, etc.
ii. Location or Datum Dimensions (L):
It shows location or exact position of various constructional details within the object.

L L S

S
L
 Notations of Dimensioning

Symbol
Note 2 Holes, Ø12

Leader
(at 30o,45o,60o)

90

Extension line Dimension line Arrow-head

Dimension figure

X
3X
19/01/2017 Type of LAinreros,wD-himeeandsioning and Lettering
1. Dimension line:
Thin continuous line used to indicate the measurement.
2. Extension line:
Thin continuous line extending beyond the outline of the object.
3. Arrow-head:
Used to terminate the dimension line. Length : width ratio is 3:1. Space
filled up.
4. Note:
Gives information regarding specific operation relating to a feature.
5. Leader:
Thin continuous line connecting a note or a dimension figure with the feature to which it is applied.
Terminated by arrow-head or dot.
6. Symbol:
The representation of any object by some mark on the drawing saves time and labour.
 The ways of Placing the Dimensions in a Series

20
20 15 25
35

60

Chain Parallel
 The ways of Placing the Dimensions in a Series

15 15

30 30

90 60 45 30 0 15 30

Combined Progressive
 The ways of Placing the Dimensions in a Series

1. Chain Dimensioning:
Dimensions are arranged in a straight line.
2. Parallel Dimensioning:
All the dimensions are shown from a common base line.
The smaller dimension is placed nearer the view.
3. Combined Dimensioning:
Chain and parallel dimensioning used simultaneously.
4. Progressive Dimensioning:
One datum or surface is selected which reads as zero. All the dimensions are referred to that point
or surface.
 Types of Dimensioning
1. . Aligned System
In the aligned system the
dimensions are placed
perpendicular to the dimension line
in such a way that it may be read
from bottom edge or right hand edge
of the drawing sheet.
2. Unidirectional System
In the unidirectional system,
the dimensions are so oriented such
that they can be read from the
bottom of the
 Some Important Rules for Dimensioning

1. All the dimensions necessary for the correct functioning of the part should be expressed directly on
the drawing.
2. Every dimension should be given, but none should be given more than once.
3. A dimension should be placed on the view where its use is shown more clearly.
4. Dimensions should be placed outside the view, as for as possible.
5. Mutual crossing of dimension lines and dimensioning between hidden lines should be avoided. Also
it should not cross any other line of the drawing.
6. An outline or a centre line should never be used as a dimension line. A centre line may be
extended to serve as an extension line.
7. Aligned system of dimensioning is recommended.
8. Dimension lines should be drawn at least 8 mm away from the outlines and from each other.
9. The extension line should be extended by about 3 mm beyond the dimension line.
 Methods of Projection

• Orthographic Projection

• Isometric Projection

• Oblique Projection

• Perspective Projection
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

When the projectors are parallel to each other and

also perpendicular to the plane, the projection is
called orthographic projection.

Usually a front, side and plan view are drawn so

that a person looking at the drawing can see all
the important sides
 FOUR QUADRANTS
OBSERVER

Above HP
Behind VP

II

Above HP
Below HP
I n f ront of VP
Behind VP
III
IV

Below HP
OBSERVER
I n f ront of VP

.
Projection
 X

FV
TV
(Elevation)
(Plan)
x y x y
TV FV
(Plan) (Elevation)

First-angle proj ection Third-angle proj ection

An Orthographic Views
Orthographic View Pictorial View
 2
0

I 1
O 0

60
2
0

Orthographic Pictorial
View View
 Thank you ... !!!
Stay safe & Take Care
Always Remember...