KPI and Optimization in GSM Networks
KPI and Optimization in GSM Networks
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Summary
Optimisation
Parameter Planning
• First when a
complete area R
has been
finalised
• Automatic
frequency
planning tools
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Frequency Plan
Best Method
• Do not use
• hexagon cell
patterns
• regular grids
• systematic
frequency f2 f6
allocation f3
f3
f5 f4
f5 f4 f7 f2
• Use f7
f7 f2 f6
f2 f6 f3
• interference R f3
f5
f3 f4
matrix f5
f5 f4 D
calculation f4
f7 f2
f2
f6
• calibrated f6
f3
f3
f5
propagation f5 f4
f4
models
• minimise total
interference in
network
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
BCC Plan
Basics
NCC = Network Colour Code
BCC = Base station Colour Code
BSIC = Base station Identity Code =
NCC + BCC
• For each mobile, BSIC and ARCFN
identify unambiguously a cell in
the whole network
• BCC is made by 3 binary digits 8
possible values
• The BCC plan can be done
manually
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Network Optimization
Basics
OMC
MMAC
GPS
NMS
X
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Optimization Process
Mature Network Case
• In a mature network the primary targets are
quality indicators
• drop call rate, average quality, handover
failures
• Important use the information from NMS
• a general view of the network
performance
• Drive test measurements are still used
• but not in a massive way
• in areas where new sites are on air
• where interference and similar problems
are pointed out by NMS data analysis
Drop Call Rate (%)
3.5
2.5
0.5
0
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
KPI
Optimisation
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
KPI Definitions
Optimisation
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Indicators – Coverage
Optimisation
Blocked Calls
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
1 3
SDCCH BLOCKED !
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation Blocked Call - Cause
troubleshooting
Access Failures
Causes:
•Heavy Traffic
-- Verify the TCH Holding time and no of attempts statistics from OMC
-- During low traffic hours, Activate Cell barring in the cell
-- Carry out Time slot testing , by setting Ignore Cell Barring.
Dropped Call
Troubleshooting
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Drop Calls Analysis
1 2
3 SDCCH / TCH
Handover Command
Hand Access
Handover Failure
• Solutions to
• SDCCH Drops - Causes Dropped Calls
•Coverage
•Interference & Multipath
•Optimize
•BTS performance Coverage
•Interference
Management
• TCH Drops - Causes •Optimize
•Coverage neighbors
•Interference & Multipath
•BTS performance
•Optimize
•Pre-emption handover
parameters
•Effective
• Handover Failure - Causes Frequency Hopping
•Threshold parameters •Use of DTX &
•Missing neighbors
Power control
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Mean Opinion Score (MOS) : ITU standard for estimating speech quality.
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation Speech Quality
Parameters
Mean Opinion Score
Criteria for Voice Quality : A set value “x” at which “y” percent of customers
rate the voice quality at Circuit Merits(CM) 4 - 5.
MOS Quality Scale
Troubleshooting
Handover Problems
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation Troubleshooting - No
Handover
Weak Neighbors - Reported by Phone
Create a Handover PLAN
'B' NET
CH 35 'B' NET
'A' NET BSIC
'A' NET
21 CH 40
CH 88 BSIC
BSIC 15
53
CH 98 'B' NET
BSIC
'B' NET
57 CH 25
CH 29 BSIC
'B' NET BSIC 17
PHONE REPORTS
CH RxQual RxLev 22
27 1 -80
CH 27 'A' NET
BSIC
35 -85
23
CH 72
40 -83 BSIC
25 -95 75
Channel 29 is not in the neighbour list !
10.
[Link]
KPI
Troubleshooting - Handover
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Parameter Settings
Antenna Tilts
M N
A
50m
x
6 km 1 km
Point x is having problem of C/I from Cell M
Estimate the C/I improvement required at Point x.
Refer to the Antenna Vertical Pattern, and calculate the tilting angle required
Example : To get an improvement of 3 dB , a tilt of 10 degrees is required.
Tilting of Antenna in certain cases may reduce coverage also.
Tilting of Antenna should be done after proper study.
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Co-Channel Optimization
Static Power Control
Antenna Tilting
Frequency Reallocation
Implementing
Features like
Dynamic Power Control, DTX and
Frequency Hopping
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
• DR used to avoid the loss of a call in call-setup if the accessed cell is congested
• When no TCH is available in serving cell, TCH can be allocated in an adjacent cell
(SDCCH TCH HO)
• Mobile Originated (MOC) and Mobile Terminated (MTC) CallsTCH
• Target cell entry based on DR Method; SDCCH
• Method 0 - RxLevAccessMin
• Method 1 - drThreshold
•Imperative Handover (only equation 1)
congested
• Candidates ranked based on radio properties.
• Steps through candidates (if congested) until MaxTimeLimitDR expires
macro cell
DR congestion
DR
congestion
micro cells
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Intelligent Directed Retry
Optimisation
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Queuing of Radio Resources
• Used to avoid rejecting call set-up or HO attempt by waiting for the
release of a suitable TCH
• Queuing Environment
• queuing is a BTS specific procedure (controlled by the BSC)
• each BTS has a queue of its own
• individual queue parameters and queue management for each
BTS
• call attempts and handovers in the same queue
• the maximum queue length is relative to the number of traffic
channels
• the maximum queuing time can be set individually for both
queue types
Entering
• thethe queue:can be de-activated by setting queuing time or
queuing
• The queue
queue length to zero
is entered when there is no traffic channels available
of•requested
different kind
priorities
and ifaccording to queue type (call/HO) and/or MS
priorityis allowed in the BTS
• queuing
• queuing enabled in the assignment request from MSC
• queue is not full (of higher or equal priority requests)
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Queuing of Radio Resources
Prioritisation:
• The placement in the queue is determined by:
• queue type (priority)
• call set-up
• handover attempt (non-urgent)
• urgent handover attempt
• MS Priority level in the PIE element of Assignment Request or
Handover Request
• time of entering the queue
Allocation of TCH
• When a TCH is released (in either channel release or TSL/TRX lock)
the queue is checked from top to bottom in order to find a queuer
whose requirements match with the released channel
• If a suitable queued call is found the TCH is allocated to the queued
call and the queue is re-organised
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Queuing of Radio Resources
Queuing Parameters
Parameters Values
msPriorityUsedInQueuing Yes / No
queuePriorityUsed Yes / No
queuingPriorityCall 1 ... 14
queuingPriorityHandover 1 ... 14
queuingPriorityNonUrgentHO 1 …14
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Dropped Call Control
Optimisation
Call re-establishment
Radio Link Timeout
• In case of a Radio Link Failure
• A counter is initialised at the
(radioLinkTimeout) within 20
value of the radioLinkTimeout
seconds.
• When SACCH is not correctly
• Measurements averaged over 5
received
seconds for
•Counter decremented by 1
serving Cell BCCH
adjacent Cell BCCHs
• When SACCH correctly received
• Strongest is considered
Counter incremented by 2
BCCH data decoded (cell
selection param.)
•When counter reaches 0 call is
If: C1 greater than 0, Cell not
released
barred
Cell belong to selected PLMN,
• Same behaviour UL and DL
Call re-establishment allowed
• Call re-establishment attempted
Parameters Values
radioLinkTimeout 4 ... 64 SACCH
callReestablishmentAllowed Yes/No
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
SDCCH ASSIGNMENT
Optimisation
10.
[Link]
KPI
&&Optimisation
Optimisation
Thanks
Shashi B Tripathi