MICROGRID
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Introduction To Microgrid
What is Microgrid?
It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed
to provide power for a small community.
It enables local power generation for local loads.
It comprises of various small power generating
sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.
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Introduction To Microgrid
What is Microgrid?
It is connected to both the local generating units and the
utility grid thus preventing power outages.
Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.
Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate
to municipal regions.
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Introduction To Microgrid
Microgrid Components
Distributed Generation
Loads
Immediate storage
Controller
Point of Common Coupling
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Typical Microgrid is shown below:
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Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid
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Microgrid Operating
Modes
Grid Connected Mode:
Utility grid is active.
Static switch is closed
All the feeders are
being supplied by
utility grid.
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Microgrid Operating
Modes
Island
Mode:
Utility grid is not supplying power
Static switch is open.
Feeder A, B, C are being
supplied by Microsources.
Feeder D (not
sensitive ) is dead.
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The Need Of
Microgrid
Microgrid could be the answer to our energy
crisis.
Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts
emissions without major changes to lifestyles.
Provide high quality and reliable energy supply
to critical loads 8/25/2009 13
Interconnected
Microgrids
Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks
Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.
For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many
Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network
called Power Parks.
The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures
greater stability and controllability for the Power
Parks. 8/25/2009 14
Environmental
Aspects
Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy
sources.
Large land use impacts are avoided.
CO2 Emissions are reduced.
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Conventional Grid vs.
Microgrid
Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as
compared to Microgrid.
Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted
in
conventional grid.
Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as
Microsources) are small and are located in close
proximity to load.
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Advantages &
Disadvantages
Microgrid Advantages
A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a
utility grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the
utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads
within the Microgrid.
In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by
reducing the load on the grid.
Significant environmental benefits made possible by the use
of low or zero emission generators.
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Advantages &
Disadvantages
Microgrid Advantages
The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the
close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby
increasing the overall energy efficiency.
Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to
its users by generating some or all of its electricity
needs.
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Advantages &
Disadvantages
Microgrid Disadvantages
Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main
parameters that must be considered and controlled to
acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance
is maintained.
Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery
banks thus requiring more space and maintenance.
Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.
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Advantages &
Disadvantages
Microgrid Disadvantages
Microgrid protection is one of the most important
challenges facing the implementation of Microgrids.
Issues such as standby charges and net metering may
pose obstacles for Microgrid.
Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure
consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
may end up filling the void.
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