Welcome
To
Management and
Organizational
Behavior course
Organizational Behavior
System And Group
Behavior Models
An Organizational Behavior System
An organizational Behavior System
Organizations achieve their goals by creating, communicating,
and operating an organizational behavior system.
Elements of the System are as follows:
The philosophy: A set of assumptions and beliefs of the
organization, basing on the purposes and activities, the way
they should be. The philosophies may be autocratic, custodial,
supportive etc.
The philosophy of organizational behavior originated from two
sources: Fact premises and Value premises.
Fact premises represent our descriptive view of how the world
behaves. They are drawn from both behavioral science research
and our personal experiences.
Value premises represent our view of the desirability of certain
goals and activities. These are a variable beliefs we hold and
therefore they are under our control.
An organizational Behavior System
Vision represents a challenging portrait consists of the organization,
its members, and desirable future. Leaders need to create exciting
projections about where the organization should go and what major
changes lie ahead.
Once the vision is established, persistent and enthusiastic
communication is required so that the employees embrace it with
commitment.
Mission: It’s a definition of the company's business, who it serves,
what it does, its objectives, and its approach to reaching those
objectives. In business, it tries to serve the types of customers it is
likely to have, and the reasons for its existence. Mission statements are
more descriptive and less future oriented.
Goals: Goals are the aims/achievements of the Organization has to
be earned within a set period of time i.e. one to five years. It has to be
relatively specific and clearly formulated. It may exist at the individual,
group and larger organizational level.
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Alternative Sets of
Assumptions about Employees
Douglas Murray McGregor an American management
professor was born on 06 September, 1906 and died on 01
October,1964.
Theory X and Theory Y, both of these theories speak about
the type of people who plays a vital role for production
and economic benefit of the firm.
Assumptions of Theory X
The typical person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible.
The typical person lacks responsibility, has little ambition,
and seeks security above all.
Most people must be coerced, controlled, and threatened
with punishment to get them to work.
Assumptions of Theory Y
Work is as natural as play or rest.
People are not inherently lazy. They have
become that way as a result of experience.
People will exercise self-direction and self-
control to achieve the committed objectives.
Under proper conditions they learn to accept
and seek responsibility. They have potential,
imagination, ingenunity, and creativity which
can be applied to work.
MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Models of OB constitute the belief
system that dominates management’s
thought and affects management’s
actions in each organization.
In 1957, Douglas McGregor was one of
the first writers to present about
managerial models that most
management actions flow directly
from his pattern of behavior.
MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Autocratic Model
Custodial Model
Supportive Model
Collegial Model
System Model
MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Autocratic Model: Depends on power. The
people who are in command/power compel
others to follow as they say like “you do this
or else”, meaning that an employee must
follow order otherwise he will be penalized.
In the autocratic environment the
managerial orientation is formal and
having official authority. This authority is
delegated by right of command over the
people to whom it applies.
Autocratic Model
Management believes that they know what is
best and the employee’s obligation is to be
obedient and follow orders. They assume that
employees to be directed, pushed, and
prompted.
Under autocratic conditions, the psychological
result for employees is to be dependent on their
boss, who has the power to hire and fire etc.
In autocratic model, employees can/do not talk
back to their boss, but they certainly thought
back.
Custodial Model
A successful custodial approach depends on
economic resources. Here managerial orientation is
towards money to pay wages and benefits.
Once employees’ physical needs are reasonably
met, the employer looks to fulfill the security
needs as a motivating force.
If an organization does not have the wealth to
provide pensions, pay and other benefits, then
custodial approach can not be followed.
In custodial model employees are dependent on the
organization for their food, reward, security and
welfare.
Supportive Model
It speaks about the “principles of supportive
relationships” and depends on leadership instead
of power/money.
Through leadership, management provides a
climate to grow and accomplish the interest of
the organization.
The leader assumes that the climate is to be
made by the Managers to be supportive at work
to improve the job performance of the
employees, accordingly they take responsibility,
develop a drive to contribute, and improve
themselves.
Collegial Model
The term “collegial” relates to a body of people
working together cooperatively with
responsibility. It’s a team concept.
It assumes that organizations formulate
policies and make decisions through a process
of discussion leading to consensus.
This model speaks about the partnership with
management and employees. Managers
orientation is towards teamwork and act as
useful joint contributors rather than as bosses
only.
System Model
According to this model, employees and
managers are the main stakeholder in the
organization and they come to an agreement to
achieve common goals.
Under the system model managers try to convey
to each worker, “you are an important part of our
whole system. We sincerely care about each of
you. We want to join together to achieve a better
product/service in the community and society.
We will make every effort to make products that
are environmentally friendly.”
Any
Question
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thanks
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