TOPIC-5
Disaster Risk Reduction Cycle and
approach to Disaster Risk Reduction
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences,JIIT128,Noida
TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
About Disaster Risk Reduction
DRR Measures
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Risk Assessment
Mainstreaming DRR
National Policy Framework
MCQ
References
ABOUT DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
DRR is essentially about managing risk
Risk is defined as the frequency of an
event happening and its impact
Magnitude of an impact is related to
vulnerability
To reduce risk you need to reduce the
frequency, scale or intensity of an event
happening…
or reduce its impact
What is Disaster Risk Reduction?
• The conceptual framework of elements with
possibilities to minimize:
– Hazards
– Vulnerabilities
– and therefore disaster risks to:
• Avoid (prevent) or
• Limit (mitigate and prepare for)
the adverse impacts of hazards within the broad
context of sustainable development
4
The Risk Reduction Cycle
Risk Reduction:
Hazard
Analysis •Hazard mitigation
•Vulnerability reduction
Sustainable
development 5
Source unknown
What is Preparedness?
• Pre-disaster actions that result in persons
knowing what to do and how to respond
during disaster
– It is long-term
– Part of a larger risk reduction program
– Comprehensive application of sustainable
development
– All-hazard
– Multi-sectoral
8
– Culturally sensitive and specific
DRR MEASURES
DRR measures seek to protect the assets and
livelihoods of communities from the impact of hazards
by implementing mitigation, preparedness and
advocacy measures that are based on a comprehensive
risk analysis.
It is seen as key to underpin sustainability of long term
development programme.
.
A livelihood "comprises the capabilities, assets
(stores, resources, claims, and access) and
activities required for a means of living;
a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with
and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or
enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide
sustainable livelihood opportunities ...
EXPLICIT LINK TO
LIVELIHOODS
Livelihoodsmodel provides a
framework where DRR can be seen as
part of long-term sustainable
development work
DRRneeds to be mainstreamed into
concept notes, programme design,
monitoring and evaluation
THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS
FRAMEWORK
Vulnerability Context :
Vulnerability is characterized as insecurity in the well-being
of individuals, households, and communities in the face of
changes in their external environment. People move in and out
of poverty and the concept of vulnerability captures the
processes of change better than poverty line measurements.
Vulnerability has two facets: an external side of shocks,
seassonalities, and critical trends; and an internal side of
defenselessness caused by lack of ability and means to cope
with these. The vulnerability context includes
• shocks, e.g., conflict, illnesses, floods, storms, droughts,
pests, diseases
• seasonalities, e.g., prices, and employment opportunities
• critical trends, e.g., demographic, environmental, economic,
governance, and technological trends
Key linkages in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
The vulnerability context influences household livelihood
assets
Policies and institutions also influence household livelihood
assets
Policies and institutions can increase or decrease individual
vulnerability
Household asset ownership widens livelihood options
Asset ownership decreases vulnerability and increases ability
to withstand shocks
The range of livelihood options influences livelihood
strategies
Different livelihood strategies lead to different livelihood
outcomes (positive and negative)
Livelihood outcomes influence the ability to preserve and
accumulate household assets
DRR STRATEGY OF CONCERN IN
BANGLADESH
Community-based initiatives for DRR in
programme areas.
Mainstreaming DRR measures with all
development programmes.
Enhance capacity of partners for effective and
rapid response to emergencies.
COMMUNITY-BASED INITIATIVES
Interventions will focus on climate-change related hazards
(flash floods, seasonal floods and tropical cyclones).
Aligned and aims to strengthen the capacity of existing
local government institutions, specifically Disaster
Management Committees.
Provide‘micro-to-macro’ linkages.( for e.g., strategic
partnership agreement with CDMP)
MAINSTREAMING DRR
In all the projects, DRR has been considered during project
design by identifying activities that will help to reduce risk from
potential hazards.
Examples of project includes Char Livelihood .
The examples of interventions are community –based
preparedness & mitigation activities, contingency planning,
training partners on DRR and emergency response, etc.
CLP offered a range of support to extreme-poor families on the
chars.
78,026 families received income-generating assets to diversify
their livelihoods
78,026 families received income-generating assets to diversify
their livelihoods
162,409 char households were given access to a sanitary
latrine
33,203 mobile satellite health clinics were organised by
CLP
LEGAL RESPONSE
Natural Calamities Relief Act, 1982 - the sole legal instrument to
define disaster and reduce disaster risk
Covers disaster mitigation measures to earthquake, fire, storm, flood,
landslide, heavy rain, drought, famine, epidemic, and other similar
natural disaster.
The Act also includes industrial accident or accidents caused by the
explosions or any other kinds of disaster
Set up for different institutions for disaster response
Central Disaster Relief Committee
Regional Disaster Relief Committee
District and Local level Relief Committees
Funding arrangements for mobilization and
relief operations
Prime Minister Disaster Relief Fund
Central Disaster Relief Fund
District Disaster Relief Fund
Local Self-governance Act
Building code and construction safety
measures
GAPS, CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS
Strategic challenges
Lack of comprehensive policy on disaster risk reduction and
management
Lack of strategic plan for prevention and preparedness
Socio-cultural /Behavioural challenges
Culture of submission to divinity
Adequate information, education and communication
Use of natural resources
Settlement behaviour
Lack of environment-friendly behaviour
Complacent and non-demanding society
Economic Challenges
Poverty
Lack of livelihood options rather to manipulate natural resources
HYOGO:The Hyogo Framework is a global
blueprint for disaster risk reduction
efforts during the next decade.
This means reducing loss of lives and social,
economic, and environmental assets when hazards
strike.
HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION
Priorities for action 2005 - 2015:
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a
strong institutional basis for implementation
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety
and resilience at all levels
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels
For more information:
[Link]
ISL 2004
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO DISASTER
WILL DEPEND ON THREE MAIN FACTORS:
DISASTER MAGNITUDE
RESPONSE
VICTIM COMMUNITY
• THE DISASTER: - OCCURRENCE
- MAGNITUDE
- SUDDENNESS
- TYPE
•THE COMMUNITY - LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS
- SOCIAL SUPPORT
- LEADERSHIP
- PAST EXPERIENCE
•THE VICTIMS:
- AGE
- LEVEL OF EDUCATION/EXPOSURE
- PHYSICAL HEALTH
MCQ
The extent to which a community ,structure , services or geographic area
is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard is
termed as
a. Capacity b. Vulnerability
c. Risk d. Hazard assessment
The level of risk of a disaster depends on
a. Nature of the hazard
b. Vulnerability of the elements which are affected
c. Economic value of the elements which are affected
d. All of the above
Risk is comprised of two factors:
a. alert and alarm b. hazard and vulnerability
c. vulnerability and susceptibility d. hazards and threats
‘an unplanned event that results in loss’
a accident
b hazard
c risk
d None
Q. Explain Mark Keim 11 E’s of Emergency Preparedness
REFERENCES
[Link]
RF_K3736-Demo/unit1/page_22.htm
[Link]
find-the-right-course-for-you/informational-
resources/risk-assessment/