Definition:
Density is a measure of mass per unit volume of a substance.
It is commonly expressed in units such as grams per cubic
centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per liter (kg/L).
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....Densty
Example:
If you have a substance with a mass of 500 grams and a volume of
200 cubic centimeters:
rho = 500g/200cm3 = 2.5g/cm3
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Definition:
Specific gravity, also known as relative density, is the ratio of
the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance
(typically water for liquids and solids, and air for gases).
It is a dimensionless quantity, meaning it has no units.
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specific gravity....
It is a ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight
of an equal volume of a substance chosen as a
standard, both substances at the same temperature.
Water is used as the standard for the specific gravities
of liquids and solids.
specific gravity....
Example: If 10 mL of sulfuric acid weighs 18 g,
and 10 mL of water, under similar conditions,
weighs 10 g, the specific gravity of the acid is:
specific gravity....
specific gravity....
Specific gravity is a factor that expresses how much heavier or
lighter a substance is than water, the standard with a specific gravity
of 1.0.
For example, a liquid with a specific gravity of 1.25 is 1.25 times as
heavy as water, and a liquid with a specific gravity of 0.85 is 0.85
times as heavy as water.
Thus, if we had 50 mL of a liquid with a specific gravity of 1.2, it
would weigh 1.2 times as much as an equivalent volume of water.
An equivalent volume of water, 50 mL, would weigh 50 g, and
therefore the liquid would weigh 1.2 times that, or 60 g.
For liquids and solids, the reference is usually water, which
has a density of approximately 1 g/cm³ at 4°C (1000kg/m3) where as
the density of air is 0.001225g/cm3 (1.225kg/m3)
Example:
If a liquid has a density of 0.8 g/cm³:
SG = 0.8g/cm3/1g/cm3 = 0.8
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Definition:
Specific volume is the reciprocal of density. It represents the
volume occupied by a unit mass of a substance.
It is commonly expressed in units such as cubic meters per
kilogram (m³/kg) or cubic centimeters per gram (cm³/g).
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Specific volume....
• Specific volume is the ratio of the volume of a
substance to the volume of an equal weight of
another substance taken as a standard, both
having the same temperature.
1. Density and Specific Gravity:
Specific gravity is a ratio that compares the density of a
substance to a reference density (usually water).
If the specific gravity of a substance is known, its density can
be calculated if the reference density is known.
For water at 4°C, specific gravity numerically equals density
in g/cm³.
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2. Density and Specific Volume:
Specific volume is the inverse of density.
If you know the density of a substance, you can easily calculate its
specific volume and vice versa.
Example 1:
If a substance has a density of 2.5 g/cm³:
Specific v = 1/2.5g/cm3 = 0.4cm3/g
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Pharmaceutical Formulations
Density: Used to determine the mass of a liquid in a given volume,
which is crucial for accurate dosing.
Specific Gravity: Helps in comparing the density of liquids to water,
useful in quality control and formulation stability.
Specific Volume: Important in understanding how much volume a
certain mass of a substance will occupy, aiding in packaging and
storage
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Example 2: Calculate the specific volume of a liquid with a density of 1.2
g/cm³.
Solution:
1. Identify the given value:
- Density (rho) = 1.2 g/cm³
2. Set up the formula for specific volume (v):
v = 1/rho
3. Substitute the known value:
v = 1/1.2g/cm3
4. Solve for specific volume:
v = 0.833cm3/g
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Example 3: if 10 mL of sulfuric acid weighs 18 g, its density
is____
(1.8 g/mL)
Example 4: if 10 mL of sulfuric acid weighs 18 g, and 10 mL
of water, under similar conditions, weighs 10 g, the specific
gravity of the acid is____
(1.8)
Example 5: If 54.96 mL of an oil weighs 52.78 g, what is the
specific gravity of the oil? Ø 54.96 mL of water weighs 54.96 g
(0.96)
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Example 6: What is the weight, in grams, of 3620 mL of
alcohol with a specific gravity of 0.820? 3620 mL of water
weigh 3620 g
(2968.4 grams)
Example 7: What is the weight, in grams, of 2 fl. oz. of a
liquid having a specific gravity of 1.118?
(66.1g)
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• Example 8 : What is the volume, in milliliters, of 492 g of
nitric acid with a specific gravity of 1.40? 492 g of water
measure 492 mL
•(351.43mL)
• Example 9: If 25 gm of glycerin measure 20 ml & 25 gm of
water measure 25 mL, under the same conditions calculate
the sp. Vol.?
•(0.8mL/g)
• Example 10: Calculate the specific volume of a syrup,
91.0 mL of which weighs 107.16 g? 107.16 g of water
measures 107.16 mL
•(0.849mL/g)